| A | B |
|---|
| left ventricle | pumps blood to all parts of the body |
| systole | working phase of the heart |
| arteries | carry blood away from the heart |
| aorta | largest artery |
| capillaries | pass food and oxygen to the cells |
| veins | return blood to the heart |
| inferior vena cava | carry blood from leg and trunk to the heart |
| respiration | supplying cells with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from cells |
| inspiration | breathing in |
| expiration | breathing out |
| trachea | windpipe |
| oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs | between alveoli and capillaries |
| diaphram | separates lungs from abdominal cavity |
| from the trachea air enters | right and left bronchi |
| pleura | two-layered sac that covers each lung |
| digestion | breaking down food for absorption into and use bythe body |
| digestive system | removes solid wastes from the body |
| esophagus | bolus of food enters here after it leaves the throat |
| small intestine | receives partially digested food from the stomach |
| mouth | where digestion begins |
| pancreas | accessory organ of the digestive system |
| Salivary glands secrete saliva into | the mouth |
| saliva | moistens food particles for easier swallowing |
| secretion that starts digestions | saliva |
| pharynx | tongue pushes food here during swallowing |
| peristalsis | moves food through the esophagus |
| stomach | upper left part of abdominal cavity |
| stirs and churns food to break it down into small particles | stomach |
| chyme | produced in the stomach |
| duodenum, jejunem, ilium | parts of the small intestine |
| liver | makes bile |
| gall bladder | stores bile |
| moves chyme through the small and large intestine | peristalsis |
| most food absorption occurs here | small intestine |
| large intestine | AKA colon |
| most of the water is absorbed from the chyme here | large intestine |
| feces | semi-solid remains after water is absorbed from the chyme |
| anus | waste products of digestion pass out of the body through here |
| urinary system | maintains body water balance |
| urethra | urine travels from the bladder out of the body through this tube |
| nephron | basic working unit of the kidney |
| bladder | stores urine |
| meatus | opening at the end of the urethra |
| ovaries | female sex glands |
| testes | produce sperm cells |
| testosterone | male hormone |
| semen | fluid that carries the sperm |
| sperm cells leave the body through | urethra |
| penis | contains the urethra |
| ova | female sex cells |
| during reproductive years, a female sex cell is released | monthly |
| ovulation | process of releasing a female sex cells |
| estrogen and progesterone | secreted by female sex cells |
| vagina | part of female reproductive system that opens to the outside of the body |
| uterus | where the fertilized sex cell grows during pregnancy |
| vulva | external genitalia in the female |
| labia majora and labia minora | folds of tissue on each side of the vagina |
| every 28 days | menstruation normally occurs |
| menstruation | endometrium is discharged from the body |
| thyroid hormone | regulates metabolism |
| growth hormone is secreted by | pituitary gland |
| too little thyroid hormone | weight gain |
| adrenal glands | on top of each kidney |
| epinephrine and norepinephrine | secreted by adrenal glands |
| increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| insulin | secreted by pancreas |
| controls sugar in the blood | pancreas |
| immune system | protects the body from disease and infection |
| antigen | abnormal or unwanted substance |
| produces antibodies | lymphocytes |
