| A | B |
|---|
| sediments | pieces of solid material that have been deposited on Earth's surface by wond, water, ice, gravity, or chemical precipitation |
| clastic | rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering; means broken |
| deposition | when sediments are laid down on the ground or sink to the bottoms of bodies or water |
| lithification | the physical and chemical processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks |
| cementation | when mineral growth cements sediment grains together into solid rock |
| bedding | horizontal layering |
| graded bedding | bedding in which the particle sizes become progessively heavier and courser towards the bottom layers |
| cross-bedding | formed as inclined layers of sediment move forward across a horizontal surface |
| clastic sedimentary rock | are formed from the abundant deposits of loose sediments found on Earth's surface |
| porosity | the percentage of open spaces between grains in a rock |
| evaporites | layers of chemical sedimentary rocks that commonly are found in arid regions, oceans and in drainage basins on continents that have low water flow |
| regional metamorphism | when high temperature and pressure affect large regions of Earth's crust |
| contact metamorphism | when molten rocks come in contact with solid rock |
| hydrothermal metamorphism | when very hot water reacts with rock and alters its chemistry and mineralogy |
| foliated | wavy layers and bands of minerals |
| nonfoliated | lack mineral grains with long axes in one direction |
| rock cycle | continuous changing and remaking of rocks |
