| A | B |
|---|
| Paleoanthropologist | one who studies the fossils of human ancestors |
| Homo Habilis | handy human |
| Homo Erectus | had a larger brain and made more complex tools |
| Neanderthals | lived in Europe and middle east, from Neander valley and had bony ridges above their eyes |
| Cro Magnons | first modern humans - southwestern France |
| australopithecine | oldest group of human ancestors - Lucy is one |
| genus | the large group to which the species belongs |
| Homo heidelbergensis | named after a jaw found in Germany |
| Homo sapiens | Wise human - we are homo sapiens |
| Paleolithic Age | old stone age - ended between 7000 and 10000 years ago |
| geologist | scientist who studies the earth |
| glaciers | huge sheets of ice and snow |
| Ice age | from about 2.5 mill. yrs. ago to 12,000 glaciers across the earth |
| Land bridge | were under water and they emerged- linked the continents - allowed the early humans to follow the animals they hunted into new lands |
| Hunter-gatherers | hunted wild animals and gathered wild plants |
| bands | small loosely organized groups of 20 to 30 people |
| Lascaux | French cave discovered in 1940 by boys- it had paintings on the walls- 12,000 and 35,000 yrs. ago |
| Terra Amata | early humans camped on this site where France now stands- in the center of the hut there was a fire pit |
| Ain Mallaha | an archaeological site in the Jordan River Valley |
| environment | all the living and nonliving things and there surroundings |
| domesticate | tame animals and make plants useful |
| surplus | extra |
| Fertile Crescent | a 1000 mile strip of land in the Jordan river valley - it had particularly good soil |
| agriculture | farming |
| Neolithic | when agriculture began- used new stone tools |
| quern | used to grind grain into flour |
| self-sufficient | not dependent on others for survival |
| Catal Huyuk | Neolithic town in Turkey- houses are layered |
| shrine | sacred places where people worship |
| obsidian | a black volcanic glass |
| Umm Dabaghiyah | archaeological site - exsistedthe same time as Catal Huyak - a village between the Tigres and Euphrates rivers |
| onager | wild donkeylike animal |
| Standard of Ur | consists of 2 separate solid panels one called war and the other peace |
| specialization of labor | when different people in a society do different jobs |
| civilization | a complex society with a stable food supply, specialization of labor , a government and a highly developed culture |
| irrigation | the act of supplying dry lands with water by means of canals , ditches pipes and streams |
| famine | a terrible shortage of food that can cause starvation |
| ziggurat | a type of temple tower with one room shrine at the top |
