| A | B |
|---|
| Gallicanism | The idea that a temporal ruler should be in authority over the Church, including the Pope |
| Jansenism | A heresy based on Calvinist concepts of predestination |
| Heliocentric | The theory of a sun based cosmology |
| Deism | A rationalist philosophy that imagines God as a watchmaker who sets the universe in motion then departs |
| Masonry (Freemasons) | A organisation based on the Deist philosophy |
| The Enlightenment | An intellectual movement based on reason and scientific progress |
| Immaculate Conception | The belief that Mary was conceived without sin |
| Papal Infallibility | The doctrine that the Pope is without error when speaking ex cathedra on issues of faith and morals |
| Rerum Novarum | A papal encyclical of Pope Leo XIII that outlined the basics of Catholic social teaching |
| Voltaire | A French Philosopher who believed religion was foolish |
| Copernicus | Proposed the heliocentric cosmology |
| Decartes | famously said "I think therefore I am" |
| Cromwell | The Persecutor of the Irish Catholics, responsible for the near genocide of Catholics in Ireland |
| John Henry Newman | Famous Catholic leader who converted from Anglicanism and brought thousands of Protestants with him |
| Karl Marx | Famously said "Religion is the opiate of the masses" |
| Pope Leo XIII | Pope who wrote 87 encyclicals including Rerum Nevarum, first pope to not have temporal powers |
| 1st Vatican Council | established the doctrine of Papal infallibility |
| Industrial Revolution | The transformation from an agricultural economy to an Industrial economy |
| French Revolution | When the common people of France attacked and threw out the Monarchy |
| Rousseau | French thinker who developed the idea of the Social Contract |
| Reign of Terror | During the French Revolution priests were hunted down and Catholic churches closed |
