| A | B |
|---|
| Physical Network Architectures | 1. Ethernet (most popular); 2. Token ring; 3) FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) 4) Wireless LAN technology |
| Ethernet - Three variations, distinguished by speed: | 10-Mbps or 100-Mbps or 1000-Mbps |
| 10Base2 | coaxial cable; 10 Mbps; Baseband technology; maximum segment length 185 meters (rounded up to 200); ThinNet; uses BNC connector |
| 10Base5 | coaxial cable; 10 Mbps; Baseband technology; maximum segment length 500 meters; ThickNet; uses an AUI/serial connector |
| 10BaseT (or 100BaseT) | Twisted pair; 10/100 Mbps; maximum length 100 meters; uses RJ-45 connector |
| NIC | Network interface card |
| Standard Ethernet Topology | Star or Bus |
| How Ethernet Controls Data Traffic | CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) |
| Standard Token Ring Topology | Ring with MAU |
| OSI model | International Organization for Standardization (ISO) researched many network schemes. The ISO recognized that there was a need to create a network model that would help network builders implement networks that could communicate and work together (interoperability) and therefore, released the OSI reference model in 1984. |
| Layer 1 | Physical The physical layer |
| Layer 2 | The data link layer |
| Layer 3 | The network layer |
| Layer 4 | The transport layer |
| Layer 5 | The session layer |
| Layer 6 | The presentation layer |
| Layer 7 | The application layer |
| Repeaters | Layer 1 device; retimes and regenerates the signal |
| Token Ring | Data packet is preceded by a token |
| Wireless LANs (WLANs) | Make connections using wireless NICs; Include antennas or infrared transmission to send and receive signals in places where networking cables are difficult to install; Can be used in combination with a wired LAN |
| How NICs Work | NICs and device drivers that control them are the only components in PC are aware of the type of physical network in use; transparent to applications software. Can be designed to use more than one type of cabling and can use a PCI or ISA slot. Identified by a MAC address |
| MAC address | Media Access Control address - 48 bits - 24 for mfg. + 24 unique identifier |
| TCP/IP | Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol |
| Troubleshooting a Network Connection | 1)Check connections in rest of network; 2) Check cabling and ports for: a) PC; b) NIC itself; BIOS; Device drivers |
