| A | B |
|---|
| mitosis | the division of the nucleus while a cell is dividing into two identical cells |
| zygote | a fertilized egg cell |
| chromosome | a thread-like body in the nucleus of a cell that is made up of genes |
| clone | a living thing that receives all of its DNA from just one parent |
| genetics | the study of how heredity works |
| heredity | the passing of inherited traits from parents to offspring |
| incomplete dominance | a genetic pattern in which neither of the two forms of a trait completely masks the other |
| pollination | the transfer of pollen from the male part to the female part of a flower |
| Gregor Mendel | known as the father of genetics |
| cross-pollination | when pollen from one flower is transported to a different flower |
| self-pollination | when pollen from the male part of a flower pollinates the female part of the same flower |
| recessive trait | one that is hidden or is masked by a dominant trait; expressed with a lower case letter |
| dominant trait | one that shows in an offspring; it hides a recessive trait; expressed with a capital letter |
| homozygous | the same kind of gene from both parents;BB or bb |
| heterozygous | different traits from each parent; Bb; a hybrid |
| Genes | made up of DNA; found on chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell |
| egg cell | comes from your mother |
| sperm cell | comes from your father |
| inherited diseases or disorders | sickle-cell anemia, hemophilia, down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, dyslexia, PKU |
| human blood types | A,AB,B, and O |
| blood type O | is a universal donor |
| 46 chromosomes | the number of chromosomes in human body cells |
| 23 chromosomes | the number of chromosomes in human sex cells |
| xx | female |
| xy | male |
| sex of a child is determined by | the chromosome received from the father |
| genetic engineering | a way of changing the DNA sequence that makes up a gene so that the gene will produce a particular trait |
| gene splicing | a process in which scientists can take the genes from one organism and attach them to the genes in another organism |
| Dr. Ian Wilmut | cloned a sheep named Dolly on Feb. 22, 1997 |
| meiosis | sex cell division |
| Punnett square | a table that can help predict the outcome of crossing different forms of a trait |
| Steps in the cloning of Dolly | 1. grew sheep cells in a dish 2. Wilmut stopped the cells from making copies of itself 3. They took an egg cell from a different adult sheep 4. They removed the egg cell's nucleus, which contained the DNA 5. They brought the two cells together 6. They applied a small amount of electricity 7. The electricity made the insides of the body cell go into the egg cell 8. the egg cell started to divide as if it had joined with a sperm cell. 9. Six days later the egg cell had divided into a ball of cells. 10. the ball of cells was placed inside another female sheep, who gave birth to Dolly. |
| blood type AB | can receive any blood type |
| x | the sex chromosome passed on by your mother |
| x and y | the sex chromosome that can be passed on by your father. A male sperm cell can have either an x or y chromosome. |
