| A | B |
|---|
| astrolabe | measured the position of stars and sailors could use it to determine latitude |
| caravel | small, three-masted ship |
| cartographer | mapmaker |
| Northwest Passage | a sailing route that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean by sailing North |
| Columbian Exchange | an enormous exchange of goods, resources, and institutions between the Old World and the New World |
| conquistadors | Spanish and Portuguese explorers |
| circumnavigate | to sail or travel all the way around |
| encomienda | a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America giving the right to demand taxes and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area. |
| Middle Passage | the sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies. |
| mission | religious communities that usually included a small town, surrounding farmlands and a church |
| latitude | a measurement on a globe or map of location north or south of the Equator |
| longitude | the measurement east or west of the prime meridian |
