| A | B |
|---|
| republic | a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch (king) and certain citizens have the right to vote |
| AD 476 | Fall of the Roman Empire |
| plebian | social class made p of minor landholders, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers |
| consul | a chief executive officer of the Roman Republic; two were electedeach year, one to run the government and one to lead the army into battle |
| praetor | an official of the Roman Republic in charge of enforcing civil law |
| triumvirate | a government by three people with equal power |
| dictator | an absolute ruler |
| imperator | commander in chief; the Latin origin of the word emporer |
| paterfamilias | in the Roman social structure, the dominant male head of the household which also included his wife, sons, and their wives and children, unmarried daughters, and slaves |
| insulae | Roman apartment blocks constructed of concrete |
| procurator | in the Roman Empire, an official in charge of a province |
| New Testament | the second part of the Christian bible, it provides a record of Jesus' life and teachings |
| clergy | church leaders |
| laity | regular church members |
| plague | an epidemic disease |
| inflation | a rapid increase in prices |
| 650 BC | Etruscans rule Rome |
| 509 BC | Rome becomes a republic |
| 450 BC | The Twelve Tables is Rome's first code of laws |
| 312 BC | Appian Way built |
| 44 BC | Julius Caesar assassinated |
| AD 33 | Jesus dies in Jerusalem |
| AD 79 | Pompeii destroyed in eruption of Mount Vesuvius |
| AD 180 | Pax Romana ends |
| patrician | great landowners who became Rome's ruling class |
| Latium, the Halian peninsula, and then the entire Mediterranean world | The Romans conquered these three areas: |
| practical political skills | These allowed the Romans to maintain control over their conquered lands |
| internal instability | Led to civil wars and increased power for the military in the Roman Empire |
| Octavian (titled Caesar Augustus) | named emporer in an event that stabilized the roman Empire and paved the way for expansion and prosperity |
| the Greeks | heavily influenced Roman culture and society |
| art, architecture, and literature | the Romans spread Greek and Roman contributions to these three areas throughout the empire |
| Jesus | a Jew from Palestine who was a public speaker |
| Christianity | spread throughout the empire and eventually became the state religion of Rome |
| Diocletian and Constantine | two strong emporers who helped the Roman Empire extend its life |
| Asia and Germany | ferocious warriors from these places ended the Roman Empire |
