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| This microbe is GRAM POSITIVE and is identified by high salt (7.5% or more), coagulase positive and has the appearance of GRAPE CLUSTERS | staphylococcus aureas (s.aureas) |
| A positive coagulase test distinguishes________ from _______ | S. aureus from other species of staphylococcus |
| S. aureus habitat | very resistant to harsh environmental conditions, PRESENT ON FOMITES, carried by 20-60% of healthy persons |
| S. aureas is virulent because | PENICILLIN RESISTANT - penicillinase and causes damage throughout the body - enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, and toxic shock syndrome toxin |
| S. aureas affects skin, bone, lungs, heart and causes toxin-based diseases (toxic shock syndrome); it is controlled/treated by_____ | Careful hygiene and perforation/drainage of cutaneous lesions |
| This microbe is a gram positive cocci arranged in chains and pairs | Streptococcus pyogens (s. pyogenes) |
| S. pyogenes causes _______ and _______ and is treated by limiting contact between carries and PENICILLIN | strep throat and necrotizing fasciitis (FLESH EATING) |
| S. pyogens virulence factors | resist phagocytosis and INHIBITS COMPLEMENT |
| S. pyogenes habitat | STRICT PARASITE, NOT FOUND ON FOMITES, 5-15% persons are asymptomatic carriers |
| This is the only GRAM NEGATIVE microbe studied and has flat pairs of cocci (DIPLOCOCCI) | Nisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrehoeae) |
| MSRA (methicillin resistant staphyloccus areus) is a ________ | flesh eating microbe that can cause necrotizing fasciitis |
| N. gonorrhoeae is virulent due to | FIMBRAE which are very sticky allowing them to attach to surface of mucosal tissue |
| N. Gonorrhoeae is an OBLIGATE PARASITE and can be identified in | in mucosal cells of genitourinary tract, eye, rectum, vagina and throat |
| N. gonorrhoeae causes genital gonorrhea and infect eyes of infants which can cause blindness and is treated with | dual therapy ceftriaxone and azithromycin; controlled by using condoms |
| This microbe has GRAM-POSITIVE BACILLI (rods) that are present singly or in SHORT CHAINS | Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) |
| C. difficile forms ________ and is identified by the _________ | ENDOSPORES, ELISA test |
| C. difficile is normally present in small numbers in the colon but overgrows causing disease when | there is treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics |
| C. difficile which causes C. difficile infection (CDI) is virulent because | it releases ENTEROTOXINS that cause epithelial necrosis of the colon; symptom is severe diarrhea that is extremely smelly |
| Treatment of C. difficile infection (CDI) | probiotics to and Fecal microbiota transplant to restore normal microbiota |
| M. tuberculosis is EXTREMELY VIRULENT due to its ______, _______ and ______. | ACID-FAST CELL WALL; resistance to drying; resistance to multiple drugs |
| This microbe is and ACID-FAST BACILLUS (rods) often present as filaments of cells and affects 2 billion people worlwide | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| As the name suggests M. tuberculosis causes tuberculosis; Symptoms include | violent cough, coffee ground, green or bloody sputum, fever, anorexia, weight loss, chest pain; MULTIDRUG TREATMENT LASTS 6-24 MONTHS |
| Extrapulmonary tuberculosis occurs when | the bacterium spreads to sites other than the lungs; Prognosis is exceedingly poor at this point |
| This microbe is a VERY SMALL, GRAM-NEGATIVE COCCOBACILI which floats in the air and is breathed in by humans | Bordella pertussis (B. pertussis) |
| B. pertusis only reservoir is human and is virulent because it has s | fimbrae like adhesions that make them sticky and once attached secretes EXOTOXINS |
| Pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH) caused by B. pertussis has these two stages: | Catarral stage which has mild symptoms that last 2 weeks; Paroxymal stage which is persistent, severe cough followed by deep inhalations that produce the characteristic "WHOOP" as air is pulled through the congested larynx |
| This microbe is a small, MOTILE, GRAM-NEGATIVE ROD and is present in the digestive tract of most warm blooded animals | Escherichia coli (E. coli) |
| E. coli is identified by determining if it is | FACULATIVE ANAEROBE that FERMENTS LACTOSE |
| E. coli causes ______ and ______ and is controlled by preventing entry of bacteria into food chain and water supply | Diarrhea and URINARY TRACT INFECION |
| This GRAM-NEGATIVE SPIROCHETE causes primary, secondary, teritary and congenital SYPHILLUS | Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) |
| T. pallidum, whose reservoir is humans, is identified by | serological testing for antibodies to T, Pallidum |
| T.pallidum virulence is due to its hooked tip and outer membrane proteins and is prevented by use of ______ and treated with_____ | condoms, penicillin |
| This microbe is a small gram negative coccobacilli which is spread by TICKS | Rickettsia ricketsii (R. rickettsii) |
| R. rickettsii causes is identified by | PCR and ELISA testing |
| treatment of infection with R. rickettsii (ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER) is controlled by | preventing tick bites and treatment with doxycycline |
| This microbe is very small gram-negative pleomorphic rods which causes Chlamydia, nongonococcal urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease | Chlamydia trachomatis (C. Trachomatis) |
| Control/treatment of C. trachomatis | condoms, doxycyline or azythromycin and PROPHYLACTIC TREATMENT of infants |
