| A | B |
|---|
| Hormones | Chemicals secreted by glands and diffuse directly into the bloodstream |
| Hypothalamus | It controls the release of hormones by the pituitary gland |
| Pituitary Gland | Called the “master gland” because it controls the activities of other glands |
| Anterior Pituitary Gland | Secretes 6 major hormones: GH, TSH, FSH, ACTH, LH, Prolactin, |
| Growth Hormone (GH) | This hormone controls the growth of the body by stimulating the elongation of bones |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce its hormone T3 and T4 |
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | Stimulates the activities of the ovaries and testes to mature the graffian follicle, produce estrogen and sperm |
| Thyroid Gland | This gland secretes T3 and T4 which regulates growth of thyroid and metabolism |
| Parathyroid Gland | Are tiny oval glands embedded in the walls of the posterior thyroid gland that secretes parathormone |
| Parathormone | Controls calcium metabolism- prevents hypocalcemia |
| Adrenal Gland | Located on the top of each kidney |
| Adrenal Cortex | Secretes mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) to regulate sodium and potassium, glucocorticoids (cortisone, cortisol) to regulate glucose, stress and androgens (male sex hormones) |
| Adrenal Medulla | Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Pancreas | Endocrine section called the Islets of Langerhans which secretes insulin and glucagon to control levels of blood sugar in the blood |
| Insulin | Facilitates the entrance of glucose into the cells |
| Glucagon | Stimulates the release of sugar from the liver and into the blood |
| Diabetes | When the Islets of Langerhans fail to produce enough insulin |
| Testes | Secrete testosterone which influences the development of the male secondary sex characteristics |
| Ovaries | Secrete estrogen which influences the development of secondary sex characteristics |
| Negative Feedback | Operates on the principle that the level of one hormone in the blood stimulates or inhibits the production of another hormone |
| Thymus | Secretes thymosine which stimulates the production of T-lymphocytes |
| LH | Stimulates secretion of progesterone |
| Prolactin | Stimulates milk production |
| Oxytocin | Stimulates labor |
| Cushing's Syndrome | Hyperfunctioning adrenal cortex. Symptoms include increase blood pressure, weight and a moon face appearance |
| Dwarfism | Deficiency in growth hormone in children. Treatable by injection of growth hormone |
| Tetany | Hypofunctioning parathyroid causing convulsive twitching and may cause death from spasms of the diaphragm, |
| Acromegaly | Increased levels of growth hormone. Occurs in adults. Symptoms include overgrowth in the bones of the hands, face, feet |
| Hyperthyroidism | Hyperfunctioning thyroid causing increased levels of T3 and/or T4. Symptoms include weight loss, nervousness, exophthalmos, goiter |
| Hypothyroidism | Can be caused by a lack of iodine and/or hypofunctioning thyroid. Symptoms include brittle hair, nails, simple goiter, muscle cramps |
| Addisons Disease | Hypofunctioning adrenal cortex causing low blood pressure, weight loss, low levels of sodium, tanning of skin, low blood sugar, fatigue, weakness |
| Endocrine | ductless glands that secrete directly into the bloodstream |
