| A | B |
| advancing | moving forward |
| beloved | much loved |
| billowy | rising in a great wave |
| brutal | violent and ugly |
| caldera | a crater formed by a collapsed volcano |
| century | one hundred years |
| cinders | charred bits of rock; ashes |
| claimed | delclared with force |
| collasped | fallen inward suddenly |
| composite | made up of different substances or parts |
| crater | a bowl-shaped depression |
| crust | the solid outer layer of earth |
| erruption | a volcanic explosion or large flow of lava |
| extinct | no longer active; extinguished |
| lava | hot melted rock that flows from a volcano |
| magma | hot melted rock underneath the earth's surface |
| molten | made liquid by heat |
| Norse | having to do with the ancient Scandinavians |
| summit | the top of a mountain |
| transformed | changed |
| weathered | changed becauseof being exposed to the weather |