| A | B |
|---|
| Sahel | ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition in Africa between the Sahara to the north and the south. |
| Pastoralism | form of animal husbandry, historically by nomadic people |
| Monotheism | the doctrine or belief that there is only one God. |
| Caligraphy | decorative handwriting or handwritten lettering. |
| Mosaic | a picture or pattern produced by arranging together small colored pieces of hard material, such as stone, tile, or glass |
| Mosque | a Muslim place of worship. |
| Minaret | a tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer. |
| Suq | an Arab market or marketplace; a bazaar. |
| Bazaars | a market in a Middle Eastern country. |
| Alluvial Soil | loose, unconsolidated soil or sediment that has been eroded, reshaped by water in some form, and redeposited in a non-marine setting |
| Oasis | a fertile spot in a desert, where water is found. |
| Ziggurat | (in ancient Mesopotamia) a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple |
| Bedouin | a nomadic Arab of the desert. |
| Petrochemical | relating to or denoting substances obtained by the refining and processing of petroleum or natural gas. |
| Embargo | an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country. |
| Desalination | the process of removing salt from seawater. |
| Intifada | the Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, beginning in 1987. |
| Zionsim | a movement for (originally) the re-establishment and (now) the development and protection of a Jewish nation in what is now Israel |
| Hamas | a Palestinian Sunni-Islamic fundamentalist militant organization |
| Fatah | a Palestinian nationalist social democratic political party and the largest faction of the confederated multi-party Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the second-largest party in the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) |
| Judaism | the monotheistic religion of the Jews. |
| Islam | the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah. |
| Christianity | the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices. |
| Palestine | state in Western Asia claiming the West Bank and Gaza Strip with East Jerusalem as the designated capital, although its administrative center is currently located in Ramallah |
| Israel | a Middle Eastern country on the Mediterranean Sea, is regarded by Jews, Christians and Muslims as the biblical Holy Land |
| Arab | a member of a Semitic people, originally from the Arabian peninsula and neighboring territories, inhabiting much of the Middle East and North Africa |
| Anti-Semitism | hostility to or prejudice against Jews. |
| Nationalism | identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations. |
| Terrorism | the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims. |
| Arab League | a union of Arab-speaking African and Asian countries |
| PLO | Palestine Liberation Organization is an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of the "liberation of Palestine" through armed struggle, with much of its violence aimed at Israeli civilians. |
