| A | B |
|---|
| element | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| compound | two or more elements chemically combined |
| carbohydrate | energy-rich organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Examples are sugars and starches |
| lipids | energy-rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; stored energy. Ex. fats and oils |
| proteins | large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Ex. meat, eggs, fish, nuts |
| enzyme | a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction |
| nucleic acids | very long organic molecules that contain the instructions for carrying out all functions in life |
| DNA | genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. |
| RNA | plays an important role in the production of proteins |
| selectively permeable | some substances can pass through the membrane while others cannot |
| diffusion | main method by which small molecules move across the cell membrane |
| osmosis | diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
| passive transport | the movement of dissolved materials through a cell membrane without using cellular energy |
| active transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy |
| photosynthesis | the process by which a cell captures energy |
| autotroph | an organism that makes its own food |
| hetertroph | an organism that cannot make its own food |
| pigment | a colored chemical compound that absorbs light |
| chlorophyll | pigment found in chloroplasts that captures energy from sunlight |
| stomata | small openings on the underside of a leaf |
| respiration | process by which cells break down simple food (glucose) molecules and release the energy they contain |
| fermentation | an energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen |
| cell cycle | the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo |
| interphase | the cell grows, DNA is copied and the cell prepares to divide |
| prophase | chromatin condenses, centrioles move to opposite poles, spindle fibers form |
| metaphase | chromosomes line up at the center of the cell |
| anaphase | chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell |
| telophase | Mitosis is over. Chromosomes uncoil, nuclear envelope forms around each new set of chromosomes |
| cytokinesis | cell membrane pinches in and cytoplasm and organelles are divided. |
| mitosis | one copy of DNA is distributed to each of two daughter cells |
| chromosomes | double-rod structures found in the nucleus of cells |
