| A | B |
|---|
| The process of keeping the internal conditions in an organism stable | Homeostasis |
| The movement of materials into and out of cells | Cellular transport |
| The membrane that surrounds the contents of a cell and allows only certain things into and out of the cell | Cell membrane |
| A property of cell membranes that allows only certain things to cross by not others | Selectively permeable |
| The two layers of phospholipid molecules arranged tail to tail that help to make up cell membranes | Phospholipid bilayer |
| Processes such as endocytosis and exocytosis that require some of the cell's energy to move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration | Active transport |
| Processes such as osmosis and diffusion that do not require energy from the cell | Passive transport |
| The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration | Diffusion |
| A different in the concentration of ions or other dissolved particles between two regions | Concentration gradient |
| The state of having equal concentrations | Equilibrium |
| The diffusion of molecules across a membrane through special proteins in the membrane | Facilitated diffusion |
| Proteins present in the cell membrane that allow different types of substances to pass through the membrane | Transport proteins |
| The movement of water across a membrane | Osmosis |
| Dissolved particles | Solute |
| Having a higher solute concentration outside the cell and causing the cell to shrink | Hypertonic |
| Having a higher solute concentration inside the cell and causing the cell to swell | Hypotonic |
| Having equal solute concentrations inside and outside the cell | Isotonic |
| A protein present in the cell membrane that helps to move materials into and out of the cell | Transport protein |
| Process used by a cell to take in a large particle | Endocytosis |
| Process used by a cell to release materials out of the cell | Exocytosis |
| the smallest unit of life | cell |
| a barrier that separates a cell from its surroundings; it controls what comes in and goes out of the cell | cell membrane |
| molecules in a cell that contain genetic information | DNA |
| simple cells that do not have a nucleus; this type of cell is found in bacteria | Prokaryotic cells |
| cells that have a true nucleus and make up all other organisms other than bacteria | Eukaryotic cells |
| long, hairlike filament that some single-celled organisms use to propel them forward | Flagella |
| short, hairlike projections that some cells use for movement | cilia |
| network of very thin protein fibers that helps a cell keep its shape | cytoskeleton |
| used to produce and transport materials within a cell | endoplasmic reticulum |
| part of the cell that contains genetic information | nucleus |
| builds proteins by forming peptide bonds between amino acids | ribosomes |
| membranes that package and distribute proteins and lipids | Golgi apparatus |
| uses energy from food molecules to produce high-energy compounds (ATP); site of cellular respiration | mitochondria |
| Found only in plant cells; site of photosynthesis | chloroplasts |
| Dense structure inside the nucleus that is responsible for producing ribosomes | nucleolus |
| vesicles that store digestive enzymes and help rid the cell of worn-out organelles | lysosomes |
| vesicles that are used for storing water, salts, wastes, etc. | vacuoles |
| Cylindrical organelles that aid in cell division; only found in animal cells | centrioles |
| jelly-like fluid between the cell membrane and the nucleus that fills the space between organelles | cytosol or cytoplasm |
| cellulose structure that surrounds plant cells and gives them support and protection | cell wall |
| a kind of virus that infects bacterial cells | bacteriophage |
| A nonliving particle that is made of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids; can only reproduce by infecting living cells | virus |
| a protein coat that surrounds a virus particle | capsid |
| a type of viral infection in which the virus enters a cell, makes copies of itself and then causes the cell to burst | lytic infection |
| a type of viral infection in which the host cell is not taken over right away, instead the virus insets its nucleic acid into the host cell's DNA such that viral DNA is copied along with host DNA | lysogenic infection |
| A group of RNA viruses in which the genetic information is copied from RNA to DNA, instead of DNA to RNA | retroviruses |
| heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms that have cell walls containing chitin | Fungi |
| a complex carbohydrate that is found in the cell walls of fungi, as well as the exoskeletons of insects | chitin |
| long, slender branching filaments that make up the bodies of a fungus | hyphae |
| the reproductive structure of a fungus that grows from the mycelium | fruiting body |
| a densely branched network of the hyphae of a fungus | mycelium |
| a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism | lichen |
| a mutualistic relationship between fungi and plant roots | mycorrhizae |
