| A | B |
|---|
| What are autotrophs? | plants and some other types of organisms who are able to use light energy from the sun to produce food |
| What are heterotrophs? | they obtain energy from the foods they consume |
| What is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)? | one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy |
| What is ADP (adenosine diphosphate)? | it is structurally the same as ATP except ADP has 2 phosphates (not 3) |
| The energy stored in ATP is released when... | ATP is converted into ADP and a phosphate group |
| A single molecule of the sugar glucose stores more than 90 times the chemical energy of... | a molecule of ATP. |
| Cells can regenerate ATP from ADP as needed by... | using the energy in carbohydrates like glucose |
| What is photosynthesis? | The process where plants use the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy carbohydrates--sugars and starches |
| What is the formula for photosynthesis? | 6CO2 + 6 H2O and light C6H12O6 + 6 O2 |
| In addition to water and carbon dioxide, photosynthesis requires... | light and chlorophyll a molecule in chloroplasts |
| What are pigments? | light absorbing molecules that help plants gather the sun's energy |
| What is chlorophyll? | the plants principal pigment, two main types are chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. |
| What is thylakoids? | saclike photosynthetic membranes within the chloroplast where the light dependant reactions take place |
| What is the stroma? | the region outside the thylakoid membranes where the Calvin cycle (dark reactions) takes place. |
| What is the sugar in ATP called? | ribose |
| how does ATP differ from ADP? | ATP has 3 phosphates and ADP has 2 |
| Explain how ATP is like a rechargeable battery. | ATP once used becomes ADP which can have a P attach to be recharged to become ATP again |
| What molecules, produced by photosynthesis, are used to store energy from the sun? | ATP and NADPH |
| How do plants obtain the carbon dioxide they need from photosynthesis? | From the atmosphere through the stroma |
| What is NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)? | one of the carrier molecules that transfers high energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules |
| What are light dependent reactions? | the light dependent reactions produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into energy carriers ATP and NADPH |
| What is the Calvin cycle? | the Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions to produce high energy sugars AKA light independent reactions. |
| What are some factors that affect photosynthesis? | water, temperature, light intensity |
| What are the two stages of photosynthesis? | The light cycle and the dark cycle (Calvin cycle) |
| In the light cycle water, with the addition of light, is changed to.... | ATP + NADPH ("Charged batteries", high energy molecules) and gives off O2 |
| In the dark cycle (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis CO2 uses the ATP + NADPH from the light cycle to.... | have the CO2 bond to H and make C6H12O6 (glucose) |
