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| Nephrology | The medical specialty which addresses diseases of kidney function. |
| Urology | The medical specialty which addresses diseases of kidney (and urinary tract) anatomy. |
| Intavenous Pyelogram (IVP) | A series of X-rays of the kidney, ureters, and bladder. Contrast dye is injected into the vein to find tumors, abnormalities, kidney stones, or any blockages, and to assess renal blood flow. |
| Glomerulus | A cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood vessels, in particular a cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule, where waste products are filtered from the blood. |
| Ureters | The ureters are tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. |
| Dialysis | The process of removing excess water, solutes, and toxins from the blood in people whose kidneys can no longer perform these functions naturally. This is referred to as renal replacement therapy. |
| Kidney Ultrasound (US) | Diagnostic imaging test utilizing a a probe (transducer) which is passed over the kidney on the outside of the body. The probe creates sound waves that bounce off the kidney. The sound waves transmit a picture of the kidney onto a video screen. This test is used to determine the size and shape of the kidney. It can also see if there is a mass, kidney stone, cyst, or other blockage or abnormality. |
| Nephron | A nephron is the basic unit of structure in the kidney. A nephron is used separate to water, ions and small molecules from the blood, filter out wastes and toxins, and return needed molecules to the blood. The nephron functions through ultrafiltration. |
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