| A | B |
|---|
| Opium War | War between Britain and China over the opium trade |
| Extraterritorial Rights | Rights of foreign residents to follow the laws of their own government rather than those of the host country |
| Taiping Rebellion | Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty |
| Sphere of Influence | Area in which a foreign nation controls trade and investment |
| Open Door Policy | Policy proposed by the United States giving all nations equal opportunities to trade in China |
| Boxer Rebellion | rebellion aimed at ending foreign influence in China |
| Kuomintang | Nationalist Party of China that overthrew the Qing Dynasty |
| Sun Yixian | one of the first leaders of the Kuomintang; “father of modern China” |
| May Fourth Movement | Chinese Nationalists protest against China’s fate as decided by the Treaty of Versailles |
| Mao Zedong | leader of the Communist revolution in China |
| Jiang Jieshi | leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party |
| Long March | escape of Communists to safety after being surrounded by Nationalist forces |
| Mao Zedong | Communist leader who defeated the Nationalists and led the People’s Republic of China |
| Jiang Jieshi | Nationalist leader who set up a new government in Taiwan |
| commune | large farms in China in which many families work the land and live together |
| Red Guards | young Chinese students who carried out the Cultural Revolution |
| Cultural Revolution | uprising in China between 1966 and 1976 that aimed to establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal |
| Zhou Enlai | Chinese leader who worked with President Nixon to improve U.S.–Chinese relations |
| Deng Xiaoping | Chinese leader after Zhou Enlai |
| Four Modernizations | goals of Deng Xiaoping that called for progress in agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology |
| Tiananmen Square | square in the capital of Beijing; scene of a student demonstration and massacre |
| Hong Kong | island that became part of China again in 1997 |
