| A | B |
|---|
| Human body like all living organisms has four basic properties of life | Reception (ability to control its actions and responds to changes in environment), metabolism (taking in and using nutrients to produce energy and growth), reproduction (produce offspring), and organization (divides the organism into distinct parts to perform these functions) |
| Cells are the ____ unit of life | Smallest |
| Tissues are combinations of ____ | Similar cells |
| Organs are collections of | Tissues working together to perform a function |
| Body systems consist of | Organs that work together to provide a major body function |
| Organisms | Are the beings that result from body systems working together to maintain life |
| Major cell structures are called | Organelles |
| Nucleus | Controls the activity of the cell and directs repdoduction |
| Cytoplasm | Semi fluid material surrounds the cell parts and transports chemical and nutrients within the cell |
| Mitochondria | Produce energy used for cell processes |
| Cell membrane surrounds the cell and | Controls which substances enter and leave the cell |
| Lysosomes | Break down or digest molecules |
| Ribosomes attach to the endoplasmic reticulum work to | Produce protein for cell structures |
| Golgi apparatus | Transports proteins made by ribosomes out of the cell by making glycoproteins |
| Homeostasis | Tendency of the cell or organism to maintain a state of balance |
| Electrolytes | Compounds made of changed particles called ions, ions conduct electrical current in cytoplasm of cell |
| Cation | Positive charge creates acid |
| Anion | Negative charge creates base |
| pH | Measure of how much acid or base is present; cells do not function properly if a normal pH is not maintained |
| Sodium (cation) | Controls water distribution by increasing the ability of fluid to pass through cell membrane |
| Potassium (cation) | Maintains fluid balance, promotes cell growth, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, heart activity |
| Calcium (cation) | Controls neuromuscular irritability, muscle contraction, blood clotting, building bones and teeth |
| Magnesium Cation) | Maintains neuromuscular system, activates enzymes, regulates level of phosphorus |
| Hydrogen (cation) | Needed for cell and enzyme function, binding of oxygen to hemoglobin |
| Bicarbonate (Anion) | Maintains acid-base balance |
| Phosphate (anion) | Maintains fluid and acid-base balance |
| Chloride (anion) | Maintains fluid balance |
| Sulfate (anion) | Maintains fluid balance |
| Tissue types | Epithelial ( covers body,m forms glands lines surfaces of cavities); connective tissue ( fat, blood cells, bones, ligaments and cartilage); muscle tissue (shortens and lengthens to produce movement); nervous tissue ( transmits communication) |
| Physiology | Study of function of the body |
| Integumentary system | Covers the body and protects other body systems |
| Cardiovascular system | Transports oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body |
| Circulatory system | Includes Blood and lymph that moves throughout the body |
| Respiratory system | Exchanges gases between air and blood |
| Muscular system | Allows body to move and controls movement within the body |
| Skeletal system | Provides body support and protection |
| Digestive system | Processes foods and eliminates wastes |
| Urinary system | Filters blood and removes wastes |
| Endocrine system | Coordinates body activities through hormones |
| Nervous system | Regulates environment and direct activities of other body systems |
| Sensory system | Perceives the environment and sends messages to and from the brain |
| Reproductive system | Provides for human reproduction |
| Coronal plane (frontal plane) | Separates front and back of body |
| Transverse planes | Divides the upper and lower body |
| Sagittarius plane | Divides body into right and left sides |
| An atomic position | Body is erect, feet are slightly apart and head is held high, palms of hands are facing forward |
| Superior | Above |
| Inferior | Below |
| Anterior | Facing forward or toward the front |
| Posterior | Toward the back |
| Medial | Toward the middle |
| Lateral | Away from the midline or towards the sides |
| Proximal | Means closer to the point of attachment |
| Distal | Farther away from the point of attachment |
| Dorsal cavity | Includes cranium and spinal cavities |
| Ventral cavity | Orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
