| A | B |
|---|
| Blood is received by the _____ then passes through _____ valve to the _____ | Right Atria, tricuspid, right ventricle |
| From the right ventricular blood passes through the _______ clave to the lungs for oxygenation | Pulmonary (Semi lunar) |
| Oxygenated Blood returns from the lungs to the ________ through the _______ valve to the ______ | Left atria, bicuspid, left ventricular |
| From the left ventricle the blood is pumped through the _______ valve to the body | Aortic |
| Arteries carry blood | Away from the heart |
| Veins carry blood from | The body back to the heart |
| Coronary arteries | Supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle (myocardium) |
| ECG (ELECTROCARDIOGRAM) | Measures electrical activity of the heart |
| Capillaries are the smallest vessels where | Exchange of water, nutrients, and waste products takes place |
| Sinoatrial node initiates the | Heartbeat |
| Systole | contraction phase of cardiac cycle |
| Diastole | Relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle |
| Anemia | Reduction of hemoglobin to below normal levels which can result in hypoxia (low oxygen) |
| Anemia may results from | Decreased hematopoesis (production of red blood cells); abnormal hematopoesis; increased loss or destruction of red blood cells |
| Splenomegaly, enlargement of spleen, is caused by | Spleen Removes old blood cells and in acceleted removal of some disease enlargement of spleen occurs |
| Thalassemia, occurs in people of Mediterranean descent | Hereditary defect affecting synthesis (production) of RBCs |
| Hemolytic anemia is a | Micro cytic, hypochromic anemia; Is the destruction of RBCs, most common cause is malaria |
| Macrocyclic, normochromic anemia | B12 and/or folic acid deficiency |
| Sickle cell anemia is characterized by | Abnormal red blood cell shape (sickled) |
| Aplastic anemia | Characterized by leukopenia (decreased white blood cells) and thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets) |
| 2 forms of aplastic anemia | Idiopathic (no identifiable cause) and secondary aplastic anemia (caused by cytotoxic drugs, radiation, or virtual infection) |
| Signs of aplastic anemia | Infections due to luekopenia, bleeding tendency due to thrombocytopenia and fatigue and weakness |
| Iron deficiency anemia, most common form of anemia, is a hypochromic, microcytic anemia caused by | depletion of irony stores caused by chronic blood loss |
| Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by | Increased loss of iron, inadequate iron absorption, increased iron requirements (child growth and pregnancy) |
| Megablastic anemia is caused by | Deficiency of B12 or folic acid, two essential cofactors for DNA synthesis |
| Pernicious anemia, is the most common form of B12 deficiency and develops as a result of | Lack of intrinsic factor in the intestines and antibodies to intrinsic factor |
| Hemolytic anemia | Malaria is the most common infectious cause |
| Polycythemia | Also called erythrocytosis denotes an increased number of red blood cells |
| Luekopenia | Decreased white blood cells |
| Thrombocytopenia | Decreased platelets |
| Hereditary spherocytosis | Example of intracorpuscular defect in hemolytic anemia |
| Disseminated intravascualar dissemination (DIC) | Example of extracorpuscular defect in hemolytic anemia |
