| A | B |
|---|
| Prokaryotic cells | Lack nucleus |
| Chromosomes | DNA of the cell in organized masses |
| Ribosomes | Read RNA produced in nucleus and translate genetic instructions to produce proteins |
| Rough ER | Endoplasmic reticulum covered in ribosomes responsible for protein synthesis and membrane production |
| Smooth ER | Lacks ribosomes, responsible for detoxification and metabolism of multiple molecules |
| Golgi apparatus (packaging, processing, shipping organelle) | Transports proteins from the ER throughout the cell |
| Phagocytosis | Uptake of food through the cell membrane creating a vacuole (membrane enclosed structure) |
| Cell membrane | Composed of bilateral of phospholipid molecules with no polar tails pointing toward each other |
| Cells produce by 3 different processes which fall into these two categaories | Sexual and asexual |
| Binary fission | Type of Asexual reproduction in which a single cell separates into two identical cells |
| Mitosis | Type of asexual reproduction in which cell division occurs in 5 stages before pinching into two in a process called cytokinesis |
| Five stages of cell division | Prophase, prometaphase, anaphase and telophase |
| Metaphase plate | In metaphase chromosomes align along this line called metaphase at center of cell |
| Meisosis | Process that determines how reproductive cells divide in a sexually reproducing organism |
| Interphase | Chromosomes are duplicated and cell prepares for division |
| Histology | Study of tissues which is a group of cells that act together to perform specific functions |
| CELL | Basic unit of life, building block of tissues and organs |
| Neuroglia | Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells |
| Nucleus | Contains DNA |
| Equilibrium | Describes our ability to maintain our balance both during statically held positions and during dynamic movements |
| Macula | Informs the brain of the position of the head |
| Crystal ampullaris | Informs brain of movement of the head |
| Inner ear | Includes 3 semicircular canals, the vestibule and the cochlea |
| Vestibule of the ear contains_____ maculae | Two |
| Otoliths are crystals in the macula whose purpose is to | Increase the weight of gelatinous substance in macula making it more responsive to changes in position |
| Semicircular canals | Fluid filled canal contains 3 crysta ampullaris and is semicircular in shape at one end it expands called the ampulla |
| Righting reflex | When head becomes UNLEVEL this Directs the muscles of the body to alter position of joints to bring head back to a level position |
| Deafness can be a problem with | Conduction, sensory, or verve (neural) |
| Conductive hearing loss | Caused by external or middle ear lesions |
| Sensory hearing loss results from | Cochlear abnormalities |
| Neural hearing loss results from lesions on | Cranial Nerve VIII or of the central nervous system |
| Hormones | Messengers that control the growth differentiation and metabolism of specific target cells; two major groups steroidal and nonsteriodal |
| Pitutiary gland is called the master gland and is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk called the | Infundibulum |
| Tropic hormones act on other endocrine glands and are released from the anterior pituitary | Somatotropin hormone, growth hormone, edrenocorticoptropic hormnone, thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone |
| Hormones released from the posterior pituitary include | Oxytocin (labor hormone) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
| Encephalitis is an infection of the brain causing | Meningitis (inflammation of the meninges) |
| Streptococcus pnuemoniae accounts for | Most cases of bacterial meningitis in adults |
| E. coli and group B strep most common cause of bacterial meningitis in | Neonates |
| Niesseria meningitis | Most important bacterial pathogen in adolescent meningitis |
| Viral pathogens in meningitis include | Measles, rubella, adenovirus |
