| A | B |
|---|
| Mitosis | Cell division for growth |
| Mitosis | Cell division without a decrease in the number of chromosomes |
| Meiosis | Cell division to create sperm and eggs |
| Meiosis | Cell division halving the number of chromosomes |
| Genotype | All of an organism's genes |
| Phenotype | An organism's physical characteristics |
| Chromosome | There are 46 of these in each cell nucleus |
| Chromosome | Structure on which genes are located |
| Gene | A length of DNA, the code for a specific protein. |
| Allele | An organism has two of these for each gene |
| Dominant allele | The allele that is expressed in the phenotype |
| Recessive allele | The allele that is not expressed in the phenotype |
| Allele | Each of these is of the same gene, but may produce different effects |
| Dominant allele | Always indicated by a capital letter |
| Recessive allele | Always indicated by a lower case letter |
| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles of a gene |
| Homozygous | Having two identical alleles of a gene |
| Heterozygous | For example, Tt, Bb |
| Homozygous | For example, TT, bb |
| Discontinuous variation | Characteristics controlled by one gene |
| Continuous variation | Characteristics controlled by more than one gene |
| Discontinuous variation | Has distinct phenotypic classes |
| Discontinuous variation | For example, eye colour, the ability to roll the tongue |
| Continuous variation | Does not have distinct phenotypic classes |
| Continuous variation | For example, height, weight |
