| A | B |
|---|
| crystal | type of solid has groups of atoms that occur in regular repeating sequences |
| sublimation | process in which a solid gets converted directly in to gaseous state other than liquid |
| deposition | phase transition in which matter transitions directly from a gaseous state into a solid state without passing through an intermediate liquid phase |
| freezing | The process through which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid. |
| condensation | The change of a gas or vapor to a liquid |
| vaporization | includes boiling and evaporation |
| melting | process by which a substance changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase |
| solid | state of matter characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable |
| liquid | sample of matter that conforms to the shape of a container in which it is held |
| gas | a form of matter that is neither solid nor liquid and can increase in size to fill any container |
| plasma | a state of matter where the gas phase is energized until atomic electrons are no longer associated with any particular atomic nucleus |
| evaporation | change of a liquid into a vapor at the surface of the liquid |
| vaporization | phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor |
| liquid | has a definite volume, it does not have a definite shape |
| amorphous solid | lacks the long-range order characteristic of a crystal |
| gas | a state of matter consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape |
| plasma | made up of positively charged ions and unbound electrons. |
| malleable | characteristic of substance that can be hammered into thin sheets |
| physical property | can be observed without changing identity of matter |
| chemical property | results in matters ability to change into a new (different substance |
| physical change | characteristics are changed without changing identity of substance |
| chemical change | characteristics are entirely changed forming a new substance |
| DENSITY | RATIO OF MASS PER UNIT OF VOLUME |
| DENSITY INCREASE | If the volume stays the same and the mass increases |
| DENSITY DECREASE | If the mass stays the same and the volume increases |
| COMPACTNESS | THE AMOUNT OF SPACE BETWEEN ATOMS OR MOLECULES |
| PRESSURE (atmospheric) | the force the gas exerts on a given area |
| PASCAL (Pa) OR KILOPASCAL (KPa) | SCIENTIFIC UNIT FOR PRESSURE |
| VOLUME | the three-dimensional space |
| LITER OR CM^3 | SCIENTIFIC UNIT FOR VOLUME |
| TEMPERATURE | MEASUREMENT OF RATE OF KINETIC ENERGY OF PARTICLES |
| DEGREES CELSIUS OR KELVIN | SCIENTIFIC UNIT FOR TEMPERATURE |
| BOYLE'S LAW | relationship between the volume of a gas and its pressure at a constant temperature |
| INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL | GRAPH OF BOYLE'S GAS LAW |
| CHARLE'S LAW | For a gas at a constant pressure, if you increase the temperature, then the volume will increase |
| DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL | GRAPH OF CHARLE'S LAW |
| BOYLE'S LAW | indirect relationship between pressure and volume |
| BOYLE'S LAW | P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 |
| CHARLE'S LAW | direct relationship between volume and temperature |
| CHARLES' LAW | V1/T1 = V2/T2 |
| Gay Lussac's formula | the direct relationship between pressure and temperature |
| Gay Lussac's formula | P1/T1 = P2/T2 |
| COMBINED GAS LAW | a law combines Lussac's, Charles's, and Boyles's Law, indirect |
| BAROMETER | An instrument that measures the pressure of gas particles in the atmosphere |
| MANOMETER | An instrument that measures the pressure of a gas in a closed container |
| PURE SUBSTANCE | TYPE OF MATTER WITH FIXED COMPOSITION |
| ELEMENT | MADE UP OF ATOMS THAT ARE ALL ALIKE |
| COMPOUND | 2 OR MORE ELEMENTS CHEMICALLY COMBINED IN A FIXED PROPORTION |
| HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE | EXAMPLE IS SALAD DRESSING |
| SUSPENSION | TYPE OF HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE MADE OF LIQUIDS AND SOLID PARTICLES WHICH SETTLE OUT |
| COLLOID | HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE WHERE PARTICLES DON'T SETTLE |
| HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE | a solid, liquid, or gas that contains 2 or more substances blended evenly throughout. |
| SOLUTION | homogeneous mixture that remains constantly and uniformly mixed and has particles that are so small they cannot be seen with a microscope |
| TYNDAL EFFECT | result of scattering of a light beam as it passes through a colloid |
| HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE | COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS IN WHICH THE COMPONENTS REMAIN DISTINCT |
| ELEMENT | a pure chemical substance that is made up of only one kind of atom |
| ATOM | a basic unit of matter that cannot be easily created nor destroyed |
| MOLECULE | the smallest natural occurring unit of a compound; has a definite shape and is determined by how atoms are bonded or combined with each other |
| MIXTURE | a substance formed by physical combination; composition can vary |
| distillation | the process that can separate two substances in a mixture by evaporating a liquid and recondensing its vapor |
| HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE | A material made up of two or more substances that can easily be separated by physical means |
| TYNDAL EFFECT | scattering of a light beam as it passes through a colloid. |
| MIXTURE | Two or more substances that aren't chemically combined with each other and can be separated by physical means. Substances in this retain their original properties. |
| ATOM | The basic building block of matter. |
| SOLVENT | SUBSTANCE IN SOLUTION THAT DOES DISSOLVING |
| SOLUTE | SUBSTANCE IN SOLUTION THAT IS DISSOLVED |
| SATURATED SOLUTION | Maximum amount of solute dissolved in solvent |
| UNSATURATED SOLUTION | Less than maximum amount of solute dissolved in solvent |
| SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION | More than maximum amount of solute dissolved in solvent |
| DILUTE | to make a solution less concentrated |
| SEDIMENTATION | tendency for particles in suspension with a greater mass to settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained and come to rest against a barrier |
| FILTRATION | physical, biological or chemical operation that separates solid matter and fluid from a mixture with a filter medium that has a complex structure through which only the fluid can pass |
| DISTILLATION | physical process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation. |
| DECANTATION | physical separation of a mixture where the layer closer to the top of the container—the less dense of the two liquids, or the liquid from which the precipitate or sediment has settled out—is poured off, leaving the other component or the more dense liquid of the mixture behind. |
| MOLECULE | FORMED AS A RESULT OF TWO OR MORE ATOMS BEING JOINED CHEMICALLY |
