| A | B |
|---|
| Muckrakers | A group of investigative reporters who pointed out the abuses of big business and the corruption of urban politics. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal. "Separate but equal." |
| Jim Crow Laws | State laws in the South that legalized segregation and limited rights of blacks through literacy tests; grandfather clauses and poll taxes. |
| Conservation Movement | A progressive reform movement focused on the preservation and sustainable management of the nation's natural resources. |
| NAACP | Interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans. |
| Progressive Era | Period of political and social reform that lasted roughly from the 1890s to the 1920s |
| 16th Amendment | Allows the federal government to collect income tax |
| 17th Amendment | Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures) |
| Grandfather Clause | A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867. |
| Poll Tax | A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote |
| Literacy Test | a requirement that citizens show that they can read before registering to vote. |
| The Jungle | This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act. |
| Ida Tarbell | A leading muckraker and magazine editor; she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work; A History of Standard Oil. |
| Jacob Riis | Early 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How The Other Half Lives"; exposed the poor conditions of tenements. |
| Jane Addams | Founder of Hull House. Provided educational opportunities for immigrants; especially women. |
| W.E.B. DuBois | Co-founded the NAACP to help secure legal equality for minority citizens. |
| Referendum | A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment. |
| Recall | allows voters to remove an elected official from office |
| Laissez-faire | idea that government should play a small role in economic affairs |
| Environmentalism | A social movement dedicated to protecting the earth's life support systems for us and other species. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | 26th president; known for |
