| A | B |
|---|
| gross anatomy | Study of the macroscopic structures of an organism |
| microscopic anatomy | Study of the microscopic structures of an organism |
| comparative anatomy | The study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of organisms |
| systemic anatomy | Anatomy by organ systems. |
| physiology | the study of the functions of an organism and its parts. |
| histology | the study of tissues |
| organ | group of tissues specialized for a particular function |
| tissues | groups of cells specialized for a particular function |
| nervous tissue | one of four basic types of tissues; makes up brain, spinal cord, eye, etc. |
| muscular tissue | one of four basic types of tissues; tissues of skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle |
| connective tissue | one of four basic types of tissues;tissues of bone and cartliage |
| epithelial tissue | one of four basic types of tissues; tissues of organs, glands, skin |
| Eukaryotic cells | Cells with membrane bound organelles |
| homeostasis | state of equilibrium in the body with respect to its functions, chemical levels, and tissues. |
| stress | when one or more internal variables moves too far from its set point potentially, adversely affecting one's overall health |
| control center | establishes the appropriate range of a variable |
| receptor | monitors the value of your body's variables |
| effectors | responds to changes in the value of a variable in order to maintain homeostasis |
| negative feedback system | a system by which internal conditions are kept within set limits. |
| insulin | hormone causing cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle |
| plasma membrane | Outer cell boundary controlling substances transported and exported into/out of a cell |
| nucleus | the controll center of the cell |
| nuclear envelope | pourous, double membrane surrounding the nucleus |
| chromatin | the unraveled "actively read" DNA |
| chromosomes | wound up, "tightly packed" DNA |
| cytoplasm | gelatinous substance containing ions, proteins etc; supporting organelles |
| ribosomes | cellular site for protein synthesis |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | series of intracellular transport tubes in which lipids and carbohydrates are produced. |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | intracellular transport tubes in which protein synthesis as well as intracellular transport occurs. |
| Golgi apparatuses | stacked membranes in which cellular chemicals are packaged for secretion. |
| secretory vesicle | the resulting package from a Golgi apparatus |
| lysosome | organelle containing enzymes that are used to break down: lipids, proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids. |
| mitochondria | organelle for ATP synthesis; powerhouse of the cell |
| mitochondrial DNA | codes for mitochondrial proteins |
| centrioles | produce the microtuble formation which contributes to movement and shape of cell |
| cilia | small hair like structures on the outer portion of a cell |
| proteins | natural polymers composed of amino acid units; used as enzymes, antibodies, and used strucurally |
| mitosis | nuclear division plus cytokinesis, and produces two identical daughter cells during prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
| phospholipid bilayer | Plasma membrane structure which is outwardly hydrophilic and inwardly hydrophobic; capable of reforming if disturbed |
| fluid mosaic model | describes the plasma membrane with all it's embedded glycoproteins, receptor proteins, cholesterol, and channels |
| selective permeability | ability to let certain materials in or out while restricting others |
| mediated transport | refers to transport mediated by a membrane transport protein |
| facilitated diffusion | mediated diffusion requiring no ATP |
| endocytosis | active transport by which large molecules are taken into the cell |
| pinocytosis | "cell drinking" cell membrane uses energy to fold inwardly until it pinches off a fluid filled vesicle. |
| Phagocytosis | "cell eating" cell membrane folds inwardly until it pinches off a "solids" filled vesicle. |
| exocytosis | active transportation of material from inside cell to outside the cell |
