| A | B |
|---|
| Pacific Railway Act | Law which allowed for creation of the Transcontinental RR, gov't gave land and loan incentives to build |
| Homestead Act | 160 acres of land from the govt to any person who would live and improve the land over 5 yrs |
| Helen Hunt Jackson | Reformer who wrote Century of Dishonor, fought for better treatment for Native Americans |
| Dawes Act | Law which gave 160 acres of land to individual Natives on the reservation to help with assimilation; ended up taking more land away |
| Indian Reorganization Act | Undid the Dawes Act, allowed for tribal governing, tribal land ownership, was also known as Indian New Deal of 1930s |
| assimilation | to Americanize ; adopting majority culture |
| Populists | third party formed by farmers, miners & workers - the People's Party |
| Grange/Farm Alliance | United farming organizations that fought for protection of farmers and for help |
| William Jennings Bryan | reformer and champion of the farmers; was a Populist |
| Cross of Gold Speech | given by WJ Bryan against big business and their gold backed economy; pro-farmers |
| Boss Tweed | Political boss of Tammany Hall Democrats in NYC |
| Credit Mobilier Scandal | RR building corruption scandal during U.S Grant's presidency |
| Gilded Age | Golden age of industrialsim & innovation for US , but had many new problems that resulted ; coined by Mark Twain |
| conspicuous consumption | showy, visible wealth - materialism equaled worth |
| patronage | giving govt jobs to your political supporters (spoils system) |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | Ended all Chinese immigration for 10 years; later extended until after WWII |
| Nativism | anti-immigrant attitude; America for the American...who came last decade |
| Pendleton Act | Law which created civil service system for govt jobs; lessening patronage |
| Homestead Strike | strike at Carnegie's steel mill; violence left many dead and required gov't intervention |
| Pullman Strike | RR strike where they boycotted Pullman train cars, E. Debs was arrested, govt stopped strike |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Captain of Industry of Gilded Age; in RR and shipping |
| Pools/trusts/Holding companies | all forms of monopolies; significant control over a market |
| Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific RR v. Illinois | RR case that challenged Granger Laws limited business prices; RRs won because RR are interstate trade - federal jurisdiction |
| Interstate Commerce Act | Federal law which regulated RR requiring reasonable rates, no pooling etc; vague and slow to be enforced |
| Thomas Edison | Gilded Age inventor of light bulb, stock ticker, phonograph,set up research lab in Menlo Park NJ |
| Andrew Carnegie | Captain of steel industry during the Gilded Age, known for his library building philanthropy |
| John Rockefeller | Captain of oil industry during Gilded Age |
| JP Morgan | Captain of banking industry during Gilded Age |
| Gospel of Wealthy (Philanthropy) | rich have moral obligation to give back to community for public good |
| social darwinism | survival of the fittest applied to society and people; justified monopolies, wealth, ignoring poverty |
| Sherman Anti-trust Act | Law which outlawed all type so restraint of trade (monopolies) ; vague and not readily enforced |
| Knights of Labor | Inclusive national union led by Terrence Powderly for unskilled/skilled workers; fought for arbirtration, 8 hr day |
| Haymarket Square | union protest that turned violent; police killed; chaos; turned public against unions |
| AFL | American Federation of Labor - union for skilled workers led by Samuel Gompers; still around today |
| closed shop | business where only union workers could be hired |
| Samuel Gompers | leader of AFL |
| Terrence Powederly | leader of Knights of Labor |
| Ellis Island | entry port of many immigrants during Gilded Age |
| Emergency Quota Act & National Origins Act | Quota laws create a set number of legal immigrants that could come from a country each year; favored Northern & Easter Europeans |
| Dreamers - DACA | Present day immigration policy of trying to find a path to citizenship for young people brought illegally and unknowingly to the U.S. |
