| A | B |
|---|
| Ram Mohun Roy | Reformer, called for Westernization |
| Mohandas K. Gandhi | Leader of independence movement |
| Muhammad Ali Jinnah | founder of Pakistan; leader of the Muslim League |
| Jawaharlal Nehru | first prime minister of an independent India |
| Indira Gandhi | India’s first female prime minister |
| Benazir Bhutto | Pakistani politician and prime minister |
| sepoy | Indian soldier under British command |
| “jewel in the crown” | term referring to India as the most valuable of all British colonies |
| Sepoy Mutiny | uprising of Indian soldiers against the British |
| Raj | British rule over India from 1757 to 1947 |
| Babur | founder of the Mughal Empire |
| Mughal | name of the empire on the Indian subcontinent founded by Babur |
| Akbar | Mughal emperor with a genius for cultural blending, military conquest, and art; he ruled from 1556 to 1605 |
| Sikh | member of a religious group that became the enemy of the Mughals |
| Shah Jahan | Mughal emperor who built Taj Mahal; he ruled from 1628 to 1658 |
| Taj Mahal | magnificent tomb built by Shah Jahan for his wife |
| Aurangzeb | last important Mughal emperor, 1658–1707; he expanded the empire but also weakened it |
| Shivaji | Indian warrior king and founder of the Hindu community called Marathas |
