| A | B |
|---|
| Normal pH | 7.35-7.45 |
| Normal carbonic acid HC03 | 22-26 mEq/L |
| Normal PaC02 | 25-45mm Hg |
| pH less than 7.35 | acidosis |
| pH greater than 7.45 | alkalosis |
| Respiratory Acidosis | increase in carbon dioxide |
| Metaolic Acidosis | excessive loss of bicarb ions |
| Respiratory Alkalosis | Hyperventilation causes |
| Metabolic Alkalosis | Loss of hydrochloric acid, low serum K+ |
| Body Weight | 50-60% water |
| 4 main functions of water | transportation, thermoregulation,hydrogen balance, aids in digestion |
| anion | negatively charged ion |
| cation | positively charged ion |
| Major source of electrolytes | from the diet |
| normal circulating blood volume | 4-6 liters |
| Normal Sodium | 135-145 mEq/L |
| Normal Potassium | 3.5-5.0 mEq/L |
| Normal Calcium | 8.4-10.6 mg/dL |
| Normal Magnesium | 1.3-2.5 mg/dL |
| Normal Chloride | 96-106 mEq/L |
| intracellular fluid | within the cell |
| extracellular | outside of the cell |
| hypothalmus | regulates thirst mechanism |
| kidney | main organ through which fluid excretion is achieved |
| dehydration | fluid volume defecit (FVD) |
| hypervolemia;overhydration | fluid volume excess (FVE) |
| hyponatremia | low Na+ |
| hypernatremia | high Na+ |
| hypokalemia | low K+ |
| hyperkalemia | high K+ |
| hypocalcemia | low Ca+ |
| hypercalcemia | high Ca+ |
| hypomagnesemia | low Mg+ |
| hypermagnesemia | high Mg+ |
| Acid/Base Control Mechanisms | Blood, Lungs, Kidneys |
| Normal daily water intake/output | 2500ml |
| Normal hourly urine output | 30cc/hr |
| 15 drops | 1 ml or 1cc |
| 1 teaspoon | 5 ml |
| 1 tablespoon | 15 ml |
| 1 ounce | 30 ml |
| 1 cup (8 oz) | 240 ml |
| 1 pint | 500 ml |
| 1 quart | 1000 ml |
