| A | B |
|---|
| Dominant Trait | Genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor |
| Egg | Haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organ |
| Genetics | Study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring |
| Heredity | Passing of traits from parents to offspring hybrid offspring of two |
| Recessive Trait | Genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor |
| Sperm | Haploid sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs |
| Allele | Different form of a gene |
| Codominance | Occurs when both alleles can be observed in the offspring’s phenotype |
| Gene | Section on a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait |
| Genotype | Two alleles that control the phenotype of a trait |
| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles of a gene |
| Homozygous | Having the same two alleles of a gene |
| Incomplete Dominance | Occurs when the offspring’s phenotype is a blend of the parents’ phenotypes |
| Phenotype | How a trait appears or is expressed |
| Polygenic Inheritance | Occurs when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait |
| Punnett Square | Model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring |
| DNA | Organism’s genetic material |
| Mutation | Change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene |
| Nucleotide | Molecule made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group that forms the basic structural unit of DNA |
| Replication | Process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins |
| Transcription | Process of making mRNA from DNA |
| Translation | Process of making a protein from RNA |
