| A | B |
|---|
| Nicolaus Copernicus | Developed heliocentric theory. |
| Johannes Kepler | Mathematically proved heliocentric theory; developed 3 laws of planetary motion/elliptical orbits. |
| Galileo Galilei | Made telescope; saw moon's craters and Jupiter's moons. |
| Francis Bacon | Developed the scientific method. |
| Isaac Newton | Developed universal laws of gravity & motion. |
| Andreas Vesalius | Pioneered the study of human anatomy. |
| William Harvey | Discovered that blood circulates in the body; blood is pumped through vessels by the heart. |
| Anton von Leeuwenhoek | Built & used early microscope; discovered single celled living things. |
| Robert Boyle | Father of chemistry. |
| Joseph Priestley | Discovered oxygen. |
| Robert Hooke | Discovered cell. |
| Ben Franklin | Discovered principles of electricity. |
| Antoine Lavoisier | Discovered principles of combustion. |
| Rene Descartes | Doubted everything; developed deductive reasoning. |
| Thomas Hobbes | Believed that evil man gave rights to monarch for order in society. |
| John Locke | Believed man had natural rights of life, liberty, & property that the government must protect or the government could be changed! |
| Denis Diderot | Assembled knowledge in Encyclopedia. |
| Adam Smith | Proposed capitalism with laissez-faire economy in his THE WEALTH OF NATIONS; formed basis for our free market system. |
| Baron de Montesquieu | Believed 3 branches of government were necessary for checks and balances in ON THE SPIRIT OF LAWS; formed basis for our Constitution. |
| Voltaire | Believed in religious tolerance and political freedoms such as free speech. |
| Jean Jacques Rousseau | Stated in SOCIAL CONTRACT that people formed an unspoken contract with government to protect them and their property. |
