| A | B |
|---|
| urbanization | the growth of cities |
| industrialization | the growth of industry and factory systems |
| immigration | the movement of people from one country to another country |
| push factors | reasons immigrants left their home country (famine, war, political instability, religious persecution, economic depression) |
| pull factors | reasons immigrant choose to come to the United States (economic opportunities, political and religious freedom, to be with family already here) |
| tenement | small single room apartment |
| nativists | people who were anti-immigrant |
| assimilation | the process of adopting another culture (language, clothing, food, etc.) |
| labor unions | groups who seek to improve working conditions and pay for workers |
| collective bargaining | Negotiating between management and a labor union |
| quota | a specific, limited number (of people) |
| strike | an organized work stoppage by employees |
| Tammany Hall | corrupt political machine in New York City led by Boss Tweed |
| political machine | organization that influences enough votes to control local government |
| corporation | business owned by many investors |
| Laissez-Faire | "hands-off", not get involved policy |
| monopoly | a company that controls most/all business in a particular industry |
| trust | a group of corporations run by a single board of directors |
| free enterprise | economic system allowing privately owned businesses to compete freely |
| progressivism | name given to nation's reform efforts |
| muckrakers | writers who exposed social problems |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| philanthropist | a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others often through charitable giving |
| mass production | the ability to quickly produce a large number of the same good making that good more affordable to the public |
| "Gilded Age" | term coined by Mark Twain to describe the extremes of wealth and poverty in the late 1800s |
