| A | B |
|---|
| two computers typically communicate with each other by | using request/response protocols |
| The requester of services takes on the role of a client, and the responder | takes on the role of a server. |
| In a peer-to-peer network, individual users | control their own resources. |
| A peer-to-peer network works well with a | small number of computers, perhaps 10 or fewer. |
| In a client/server arrangement, network services are located in a dedicated computer whose only function is to | respond to the requests of clients. |
| The server contains the file, print, | application, security, and other services in a central computer that is continuously available to respond to client requests |
| desktop computers function as clients and one or more computers with | additional processing power, memory, and specialized software function as servers. |
| Before a client can access the server resources, the client must | identify itself and be authorized to use the resource by utilizing its assigned user an account name and password. |
| the aggregation of resources on server systems brings | greater security, simpler access, and coordinated control |
| In a client/server network the server introduces a | single point of failure into the network. |
| Server systems require | additional hardware and specialized software |
| LANs connect many computers in a | relatively small geographical area |
| A direct connection from one computer to another is called a | link |
| LANs greatly reduce the cost of the network by allowing | the computers to share a communications channel |
| The general shape or layout of a LAN | topology |
| star topology | all the computers connect to a central point |
| ring topology | cable is run from one computer to the next and then from the second to its neighbor until the last one is connected back to the first |
| bus topology | each computer is attached into a single, long cable |
| The communications channel (cable) that all computers on a network share | medium |
| The media access control | rules allow each computer to have its turn in using the medium so that there is a fair and efficient way to share the network |
| A WAN is a | remote-access network that connects sites across a broad geographic area |
| Wide area connections between computers use | point-to-point, serial communications lines. |
| point-to-point | connecting only two computers, one on each side of the line |
| serial lines | bits of information are transmitted one after another in a series |
| common carriers | utility companies who have put in place wide area communications connections |
| Connections across WAN lines may be | temporary or permanent. |
| Device that converts digital and analog signals. | modem |
| WANs typically connect fewer computers than LANs and . | normally operate at lower speeds than LANs |
| Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), is a | circuit-switched communications network |
| circuit | pathway between two communicating devices |
| a circuit-switched connection is . | end-to-end or point-to-point |
| circuit-switched network | one circuit or pathway is established for the transmission of all data |
| packet-switched network | data is broken down into smaller packets and sent out over numerous paths to its destination |
| Internet traffic uses | packet-switching technology. |
