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| A Network Interface Card (NIC) is a device that plugs into a | motherboard and provides ports for the network cable connections. |
| several important considerations to bear in mind when selecting a NIC | type of network, type of media, & type of system bus |
| PCI slots are faster than | ISA |
| It is recommend that PCI be used with | FDDI cards |
| When NICs are installed in a computer, they require an | IRQ, an I/O address, and memory space for the operating system drivers in order to perform their function |
| To identify each other, in a TCP/IP-based LAN, PCs use | Internet Protocol (IP) addresses |
| An IP address is a | 32-bit binary number |
| An IP address is divided into four groups of eight bits known as | "octets," each of which is represented by a decimal number in the range of 0 to 255 |
| Each device on the network that has an IP address is known as a | "host" or "node". |
| The subnet mask is used by network computers to determine whether a particular host IP address is | local (on the same network segment) or remote (on another segment). |
| ptions for assigning IP addresses for hosts on a LAN | Manually assigned by the network administrator, or assigned by a DHCP server |
| The IP address of each node is | unique for each host and resides in the computer driver software for the NIC. |
| the MAC address, which resides on the | NIC hardware |
| The IP address is manually entered on the operating system | TCP/IP Properties Dialog Box on the Windows operating system screen. |
| The most common and efficient way for computers on a large network to obtain an IP address is through a | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server |
| DHCP is a software utility that | runs on a computer and is designed to assign IP addresses to PCs |
| When the DHCP server receives a request from a host, it | selects IP address information from a set of predefined addresses that are stored in its database. |
| the DHCP server will then lease the IP information to | the requesting node for a specific period of time |
| The use a DHCP server simplifies the administration of a network because the | software keeps track of IP addresses. |
| IP address information that a DHCP server can hand out to hosts | IP address, subnet maks,default gateway, & optional values such as DNS address |
| Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) | enables a node to assign itself an address if it is unable to contact a DHCP server |
| The default gateway is the "near side" interface of the | router, the interface on the router to which the local computer's network segment or wire is attached. |
| A computer located on one network segment that is trying to talk to another computer on a different segment (that is, across the router) sends | the data through a default gateway |
| In order for each computer to recognize its default gateway, the | corresponding near side router interface IP address has to be entered into the host Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties Dialog Box. |
| Most hosts are identified on the Internet by | friendly computer names known as domain names. |
| The Domain Name System (DNS) is used to translate computer names such as cisco.com to | their corresponding unique IP address. |
| The DNS software runs on a | computer that acts as a network server for handling the address translations. |
| The process of translating names to IP addresses is known as | name resolution. |
| DNS table | records that map computer (host) names and their corresponding IP address |
| If the DNS server consulted by a computer does not have an IP mapping for the hostname sought, it will | pass the query to another DNS server until the information is obtained. |
