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| A hub is a device that is used to | extend an Ethernet wire to allow more devices to communicate with each other. |
| When using a hub, the network topology changes from a linear bus, where each device plugs directly into the wire, to | a star topology |
| Data arriving over the cables to a hub port is electrically repeated on all the other | ports that are connected to the same Ethernet LAN, except for the port on which the data was received. |
| Sometimes hubs are called concentrators, because they | serve as a central connection point for an Ethernet LAN. |
| Hubs are most commonly used in | Ethernet 10BASE-T or 100BASE-T networks |
| Bridges connect | network segments. |
| The basic functionality of the bridge resides in its ability to | make intelligent decisions about whether to pass signals on to the next segment of a network. |
| frame | data being sent from one computer to another |
| flood | sent the data to everyone on the network |
| When a bridge sees a frame on the network, it looks at the | destination address and compares it to the forwarding table to determine whether to filter, flood or copy the frame onto another segment. |
| A switch is sometimes described as | a multiport bridge. |
| A typical bridge may have just two | ports (linking two network segments), |
| Ethernet switches are becoming popular connectivity solutions because, like bridges, they | increase network performance (speed and bandwidth). |
| Routers are slower than bridges and switches, but | make "smart" decisions on how to route (or send) packets received on one port to a network on another port |
| Each router interface is connected to a | different network segment. |
| Routers can be computers with | special network software installed on them or they can be other devices built by network equipment manufacturers. |
| Routers contain tables of network addresses along with | optimal destination routes to other networks |
