| A | B |
|---|
| carbohydrates | contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| simple carbohydrates | monosaccharides and disaccharides |
| complex carbohydrates | polysaccharides |
| monosaccharides | glucose, fructose, galactose |
| glucose | dextrose |
| fructose | fruit sugar |
| lactose | milk sugar |
| disaccharide | two combined monosaccharides |
| condensation | putting two molecules together |
| hydrolysis | splitting two molecules apart |
| maltose | glucose + glucose |
| sucrose | glucose + fructose |
| lactose | glucose + galactose |
| polysaccharide | many monosaccharides linked together |
| glycogen | animal polysaccharide |
| starch | plant polysaccharide |
| fiber | non-digestible polysaccharide |
| phytic acid | non-nutrient plant compound |
| amylase | enzyme that hydrolyzes starch |
| satiety | feeling of fullness |
| maltase | hydrolyzes maltose |
| sucrase | hydrolyzes sucrose |
| lactase | hydrolyzes lactose |
| resistant starch | starch that excapes digestion and absorption |
| ferment | anaerobic digestion |
| lactose intolerance | genetic deficiency of lactase |
| lactase deficiency | insufficient lactase to digest lactose |
| gluconeogenesis | making glucose from non-glucose sources |
| protein-sparing | sufficient CHO to allow protein to be utilized for other purposes |
| ketone bodies | produced in fat breakdown |
| ketosis | fatal condition caused by excessive ketone bodies in blood |
| acid-base balance | maintaining optimum pH in body |
| insulin | increase cell uptake of glucose |
| glucagon | increase absorption of glucose |
| epinephrine | stress response hormone |
| Type I diabetes | condition resulting form insufficient insulin production |
| Type II diabetes | condition resulting from poor cell uptake of insulin |
| hypoglycemia | low blood glucose concentration |
| glycemic effect | measures effect of food consumption on blood glucose concentration |
| empty kcalorie food | high kcalorie with low nutrient content |
| plaque | bacteria on teeth |
| dental caries | tooth decay |
| diverticula | bulges in GI tract |
| diverticulitis | infected diverticula |
