| A | B |
|---|
| proteins | contain Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, and Nitrogen |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
| essential amino acids | must be consumed in the diet |
| conditionally essential amino acids | made essential by disease conditions |
| peptide bond | links amino acids in primary structure |
| dipeptide | 2 linked amino acids |
| tripeptide | 3 linked amino acids |
| polypeptide | many linked amino acids, forms primary structure of protein |
| hemoglobin | red blood cells that transport oxygen in blood |
| denaturation | change in protein structure due to heat, acid, or chemical change |
| pepsin | enzyme that digests protein in the stomach |
| peptidase | digestive enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds |
| sickle cell anemia | red blood cells with disrupted tertiary structure |
| adenine (A) | DNA base |
| base sequence | order of bases in a DNA strand |
| base pairing | A pairs with T, C pairs with G |
| codons | groups of three base pairs on a DNA strand |
| cytosine (C) | DNA base |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | genetic material responsible for protein production |
| DNA repair | ability of DNA to correct altered sequences |
| DNA replication | ability of DNA to make a perfect copy of itself |
| gene mutations | changes in base pair sequencing that disrupt protein production |
| genetic code | the sum total of all proteins coded for by DNA |
| guanine (G) | DNA base |
| Ribonucleic acid (RNA) | copy of DNA involved in protein synthesis |
| messenger RNA (mRNA) | copy of DNA strand delivered to ribosome |
| mRNA transcripts | DNA copy |
| nucleotide | the generic term for a DNA base |
| ribosomes | site of protein synthesis |
| ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | ribosome/ RNA complex responsible for creating a protein |
| Thymine (T) | DNA base |
| transcription | process of copying DNA to mRNA |
| transfer RNA (tRNA) | delivers amino acids to rRNA |
| translation | decoding of mRNA by rRNA in order to create a protein |
| uracil (U) | RNA base |
