| A | B |
|---|
| Protein synthesis | The process of making proteins in the cells. |
| Genome | The complete set of genes in an individual's DNA. |
| Proteome | The full range of proteins an individual can produce. |
| Transcription | The first step in protein synthesis which takes place inside the nucleus of the cell. |
| Translation | The second step in protein synthesis which takes place in the cytoplasm. |
| RNA | A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule that is made with uracil (U) instead of thymine (T). |
| mRNA | Copy of genetic information that travels from teh nucleus to the ribosomes inthe cytoplasm. |
| Ribosomes | Proteins that translate mRNA into amino acids and synthesize the polypeptide. |
| tRNA | Forms a clover like shape to aid in reading genetic information and bringing in corresponding amino acids into the ribosomes. |
| Codon | A sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in RNA or DNA. |
| Anticodon | A sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a tRNA molecule |
| STOP codon | A triplet of bases that encodes a signal to RNA polymerase to'stop'. |
| RNA polymerase | An enzyme that is the key component in transcription. |
