| A | B |
|---|
| embedded computer | a specialized computer that is part of a larger system, device, or machine |
| Internet | worldwide network of computer networks linked together via communications software and media for the purpose of sharing information |
| Tim Berners-Lee | person recognized as the founder of the World Wide Web |
| packets | electronic data file is first broken into these small parts so it can be sent from one computer to another |
| network | two or more computers connected by means of one or more communications media |
| information processing cycle | process of turning data into useful information |
| utility software | computer programs that perform administrative tasks, such as managing disk drives and printers and checking for computer viruses |
| computer | electronic device that performs the four basic functions of accepting input, processing data into information, storing programs and information, and delivering output to users |
| printer | an example of a peripheral device |
| application software | programs that perform specific tasks, such as word processing and spreadsheet preparation |
| memory | one of the required components of a computer |
| Internet appliance | limited function computer capable of connecting to the Internet from the home or other remote location |
| midrange servers | powerful computers that are capable of accommodating hundres of client computers or terminals at the same time |
| terabyte | equivalent of one trillion alphabet letters, numbers, or special characters |
| supercomputer | fastest, most powerful, and most expensive of all computers |
| 92 percent | estimated percentage of U.S. businesses that now use computers to help employees increase their productivity |
| 130 million | best estimate of Internet users in United States in early 2000 |
| United States | country with the largest number of online users in 2000 |
| 94 percent | estimate number of systems analyst jobs that will be added to the economy betwee 1998 and 2008 |
| Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) | agency created by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1957 to fund and coordinate defense-related scientific research in order to prevent the United States from losing is scientific superiority to the Soviet Union |
| sender's Internet address | included in each packet comprising a file sent over the Internet |
| instant messaging | Internet service that allows users to communicate online in real time |
| layers of linked networks in a structure similar to a pyramid | Internet |
| individual computers | all network and Internet activities begin here |
| input | data entered into a computer |
| program | instructions used to manipulate or process data entered into a computer |
| microprocessor chip | electrical circuits where actual processing of the data occurs |
| networks | these form the skeletal framework of the Internet |
| peripheral devices | devices that are outside the computer but are connected to it |
| system unit | unit of a computer that processes data into information |
| modem | used to connect to the Internet |
| hardware and software | two broad categories of components which make up a computer system |
| four functions of accepting input, processing data into information, storing programs and information, and delivering output to the user | information processing cycle |
| system software and application software | two main classifications of software |
| use to categorize computers | usage, speed, processing capability |
| set-top box | popular Internet appliance placed on top or, or near, a television set |
| file servers, database servers, print servers, network servers, Web servers are all examples of this type of server | dedicated servers |
| dedicated server | server that performs one or more specific functions |
| workstation | high-performance single-user computer with advanced input, output, and storage components that can be networked with other devices and larger computers |
| personal digital assistant (PDA) | type of handheld computer that has become widely used in recent years |
| smart phone | another name for a Web-enabled cell phone |
| dumb terminal | device that has no processing power and must rely on theprocessing power of another computer |
| mainframe computers | computers that are larger, more powerful, and more expensive than midrange servers, but smaller, less powerful, and less expensive than supercomputers |
| print server | type of server that allows users to produce output in hard copy form |
| like a midrange computer another type of computer that can also function as a network server | mainframe computer |
| main use for supercomputers | comparing DNA sequences |
| central processing unit (CPU) | referred to as the "brain" of the computer |
| Web server | allows users to access and use the Internet and World Wide Web |
| hyperlinks (links) | contained on Web pages that allow you to move (jump) to another Web page |
| Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) | special communications instructions that direct the travel of information packets over the Internet |
| data | the collection of raw, unorganized content in the form of words, numbers, sounds, or images |
| hardware | refers to all of the physical components that comprise the computer and other devices connected to it |
| terminal | device consisting of a monitor and keyboard and having no processing capability of its own |
| NSFnet | "backbone" of the Internet |
| Goliaths | supercomputers of the computer industry |
| browser | software that allows a user to jump about from one site to another on the Web |
| host computer | another name for a network server |
