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| Name five (5) forms of "communication" - | ANSWER: (1) Spoken (2) Written (3) Art (4) Music (5) Sign Language |
| What is the most basic and underlyning field of all the sciences ? | ANSWER: It is "physics". |
| The use of hat makes ideas in science unambiguous ? | ANSWER: The use of "mathematics". |
| What are the six steps of the "Scientic Method" ? | ANSWER: (1) recognize a problem (2) research (3) hypothesis (4) experiment (5) collect data (6) reach a conclusion and make a new hypothesis |
| What is the key requirement of any "scientific hypothesis" ? | ANSWER: It is that "it must be testable". |
| Define a "theory" - | ANSWER: A "theory" is a body of knowledge. |
| Define"independent variable" - | ANSWER: An "independent variable" is the aspect one changes. |
| Define "dependent variable" - | ANSWER: The "dependent variable" is the aspect that responds to the "independent variable". |
| Define "control variable" - | ANSWER: The "control variable constant variable. |
| Define "control group" - | ANSWER: The "control group" are the variable one control in order to verify the reliability of the conslusion. |
| Define "experimental group" - | ANSWER: The "experimental group" are the independent variables that one is observing and collecting data on. |
| What is the "metric system" ? | ANSWER: The "metric system" is a measurement system based on units of 10. |
| What are the "three (3) fundamental quantities" in physics and their "units". | ANSWER: (1) Velocity - m/s (2) Acceleration - m/s squared (3) Force - kgm/s squared |
| Define "true error" - | ANSWER: "True error" is due to the intrinsic or internal nature of the subject.. |
| Define "random error" - | ANSWER: "Random error" is inaccuracy due to faulty measurement(s). |
| Define "systemic error" - | ANSWER: "Systemic error" is due to the use of inadequately calibrated or faulty scientific tools and devices. |
| Define "parallax" - | ANSWER: A "parallax" is the apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from different angles. |
| How can one avoid a "paralax" ? | ANSWER: One can avoid a "parallax" by viewing the object at "eye level". |
| Define " accuracy" - | ANSWER: "Accuracy" is the closeness of a measurement to the standard. |
| Define "percision" - | ANSWER: "percision" is the exactness to which the measurement of a quantity can be provided. |
| What are four (4) rules concerning "zeros" and "significant digits" ? | ANSWER: (1) non-zeros are significant (2) all digits are significant (3) moving decimal does not change (4) valid zeros have a meaning |
| Solve for a: d = vt + 1/2at squared | ANSWER: a = 2(d - vt) / t squared |
| Solve for m: F = ma | ANSWER: m = F / a |
| Sin = | ANSWER: Sin = opposite side / hypotenuse |
| Cos = | ANSWER: Cos = adjacent side / hypotenuse |
| Tan = | ANSWER: Tan = opposite side / adjacent side |
| Define "scalar measurement" - | ANSWER: A "scalar measurement" only has "size or magnitude". |
| Define " vector measurement" - | ANSWER: A "vector measurement" has "magnitude (size) and direction". |
| What rule must one remember when "adding vectors graphically" ? | ANSWER: One must remember that their must be calibrations for both "magnitude (size) and direction". |
| What form did the first "rocket" ever built take ? | ANSWER: It had a "arrow shape". |
| Who made the first "rocket" ever built ? | ANSWER: It was the chinese. |
| Who began mass-production of "rockets" (though they were not very reliable at first) ? | ANSWER: Tjhey were the Chinese. |
| When were the first "rockets" used as weapons ? | ANSWER: In a war in China. |
| What were "rockets" known as by the 13th century ? | ANSWER: They were known as "Chinese fire arrows". |
| What event in the 17th century helped change how people understood the principles of "rocketry" ? | ANSWER: It was the "dsicovery of gunpowder". |
| In its simplest form, what is a "rocket" ? | ANSWER: A "rocket" is a body that has a "body, fins, and fuel". |
| What are the "main parts of a rocket" ? | ANSWER: (1) body (2) fins (3) engine (4) fuel compartment |
| What are the charactieristics of "sold fuel rocket engines" ? | ANSWER: (1) better control (2) can store more fuel (3) less expensive |
| What are the characteristic of "liquid-fuel rocket engines" ? | ANSWER: (1) faster and longer flight (2) can not be turned off (3) expensive |
| Define "projectile" - | ANSWER: A "projectile" is an object traveling through space. |
| Define "trajectory" - | ANSWER: A "trajectory" is the path that an object takes traveling through space. |
| What shape do "trajectories" on earth take ? | ANSWER: They take the trajectory of a "parabola". |
| Why do "trajectories" on earth take the shape that they do ? | ANSWER: They take the "trajectories" they do because of the forces of gravity. |
| What equation is used "to calculate the horizontal position of a trajectory" ? | ANSWER: X = VXT |
| What equation is used to "calculate the horizontal component of a projectile's velocity" ? | ANSWER: Y = VYT1/2gt squared |
| What equation is used "to calculate the vertical position of the trajectory" ? | ANSWER: VXT = Vi |
| What equation is used "to calculate the vertical component of a projectile's velocity" ? | ANSWER: VXT = ViX2 |
| What "angle" will produce a "maximum range of a projectile" ? | ANSWER: The "angle" is "45 degrees". |
| Define "lever" - | ANSWER: A "lever" is a "simple machine". |
| Define "falcum" - | ANSWER: A "falcum" is the base of equilibrium a "falcum" rests upon. |
| Define "effort force" - | ANSWER: An "effort force" is the force exerted by an object. |
| Define "load force" - | ANSWER: A "load force" is the weight needed to move an object. |
| Define "torque" - | ANSWER: "Torque" is the rotational force of an object. |
| What type of "force produces a torque" ? | ANSWER: It would be "centrifugal force". |
| What equation is "used to calculate a torque" ? | ANSWER: X = TRN |
| State "Newton's First Law of Motion" - | ANSWER: "Newton's First Law of Motion" - states that an object with no net (unbalanced) force acting on it either will remainat rest or continue moving at constant speed in a "straight line". |
| State "Newton's Second Law of Motion" - | ANSWER: "Newton's Second Law of Motion" - states that when a net (unbalanced) forece acts on an object, the resulting acceleration varies "directly" with the the force and "inversely" with the mass of the object. |
| Sate "Newton's Third Law of Motion" - | ANSWER: "Newton's Third Law of Motion" - states that "forces always exist in pairs". When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second exerts an "equal and opposite" force on the first. |
| How can one "correct" the problem of "aerodynamic instability" ? | ANSWER: It can be done by using fins and a more definitive and pointed nose of the projectile. |
| What is the "ideal shape" that "rocket fins" shoulc have ? | ANSWER: The ideal shape would be "right angle dealto". |
| Why is a "cylindrical fine" a very good source of "stability" ? | ANSWER: The reason is because it creates little air resitance and torque. |
| Define the "Center of Gravity" - | ANSWER: It is the "position where the mass of an object is in equilibrium". |
| Define the "Center of Pressure" - | ANSWER: It is the "position where the pressures on an object are in equilibrium". |
| Where should the "CoG (Center of Gravity)" and "Cop (Center of Pressure)" be located in respect to each other ? | ANSWER: They should be located where they are both in equilibrium. |
| How can on caluculate "the amount of air resistance or drag" on a moving object ? | ANSWER: It can be done by calulating the surface area of the object. |
| What type of measurement is "drag" ? | ANSWER: It is the "force-N". |
| Which "variable has the greatest influence on the amount of "drag" an object feels ? | ANSWER" It is the "surface area". |
| How can one "reduce the coefficient of drag ? | ANSWER: It can be done by "reducing speed or having less surface area". |
| How can one "reduce the cross-sectional area of a water-bottle rocket" ? | ANSWER: It can be done by "making it slimmer or amking it go faster". |
| Define "displacement" - | ANSWER: "Displacement" is "a change in position". |
| Define "Average Velocity" - | ANSWER: "Average Velocity is equal to distance over time (AV = d/t)". |
| Name three (3) "kinds of catapults" - | ANSWER: (1) swinging box (2) fixed weight (3) tribuckle |
| What does "average acceleration" equal ? | ANSWER: "Average Acceleration = 588235.29 m/s |
