| A | B |
|---|
| acromegaly | enlargement of bones of hands and feet and face |
| aldosteronism | a condition caused by overproduction of aldosterone |
| antidiuretic hormone | hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitressin) and also by nerve endings in the hypothalamus; affects blood pressure by stimulating capillary muscles and reduces urine flow by affecting reabsorption of water by kidney tubules |
| calcitonin | thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone |
| cortisol | an adrenal-cortex hormone (trade names Hydrocortone or Cortef) that is active in carbohydrate and protein metabolism |
| cretinism | severe hypothyroidism resulting in physical and mental stunting |
| diabetes insipidus | a rare form of diabetes resulting from a deficiency of vasopressin (the pituitary hormone that regulates the kidneys); characterized by the chronic excretion of large amounts of pale dilute urine which results in dehydration and extreme thirst |
| diabetes mellitus | diabetes caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin and characterized by polyuria |
| diabetic retinopathy | retinopathy involving damage to the small blood vessels in the retina; results from chronically high blood glucose levels in people with poorly controlled diabetes |
| electrolyte | a solution that conducts electricity |
| epinephrine | a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve action |
| estrogen | a general term for female steroid sex hormones that are secreted by the ovary and responsible for typical female sexual characteristics |
| exophthalmos | protrusion of the eyeball from the socket |
| follicle-stimulating hormone | a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals, and activates the cells in male mammals that form sperm |
| gigantism | excessive size |
| glucagon | a hormone secreted by the pancreas |
| glucose | a monosaccharide sugar that has several forms |
| growth hormone | a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland |
| gynecomastia | excessive development of the breasts in males |
| hypercalcemia | the presence of abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; usually the result of excessive bone resorption in hyperparathyroidism or Paget's disease |
| hyperpituitarism | excessive activity of the pituitary gland |
| hyperglycemia | abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes |
| hyperthyroidism | an overactive thyroid gland |
| hypoglycemia | abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet |
| hypothyroidism | an underactive thyroid gland |
| insulin | hormone secreted by the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas |
| ketosis | an abnormal increase of ketone bodies in the blood as in diabetes mellitus |
| luteinizing hormone | a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates ovulation in female mammals and stimulates androgen release in male mammals |
| myxedema | hypothyroidism marked by dry skin and swellings around lips and nose as well as mental deterioration |
| norepinephrine | a catecholamine precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and also released at synapses |
| oxytocin | hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyuria | renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine; often associated with diabetes |
| progesterone | a steroid hormone produced in the ovary |
| puberty | the time of life when one becomes capable of having children |
| steroid | any of several fat-soluble organic compounds having as a basis 17 carbon atoms in four rings; many have important physiological effects |
| testosterone | a potent androgenic hormone produced chiefly by the testes |
| thymosin | hormone secreted by the thymus |
| thyroxine | hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells |
