| A | B |
|---|
| tenement | a run-down, unsafe apartment house in a poor neighborhood |
| sweatshop | a factory where workers are employed for long hours with little pay and dangerous conditions |
| industrialization | the process by which a country changes from mostly farming to machine-produced goods |
| monopoly | a company having exclusive control over the supply of a good or service |
| urbanization | the process by which more and more people come to live in cities |
| skyscraper | multi-story building made possible at the Turn of the Century by the invention of elevator brakes, cheaper steel and water pressure |
| corporation | a company partly owned by regular people who invest in it through stocks and shares |
| Turn of the Century | time period of booming industrialization in the United States, between approximately 1885-1915. |
| gilded | something covered with a thin layer of gold to give an expensive, deceiving appearance |
| push factors | reasons people feel forced out of their countries, such as war, poverty, and lack of space |
| pull factors | reasons that immigrants are attracted to the United States, such as jobs, freedom and space. |
| labor union | organization formed to protect workers' rights and bargain for better working conditions |
| the Gilded Age | nickname for the U.S. at the Turn of the Century, based on the illusion of wealth, jobs, opportunities and conveniences |
| Alexander Graham Bell | inventor of the telephone |
| Andrew Carnegie | businessman who dominated the steel industry |
| Thomas Edison | inventor of the safe, steady electric lightbulb |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | businessman who dominated the shipping and railroad industries |
| J.P. Morgan | businessman who dominated the banking and finance industry |
| John D. Rockefeller | businessman who dominated the oil industry |
| Triangle Factory | a ladies' clothing sweatshop that burned down in 1911 |
| Mother Jones | a union activist who overcame huge personal tragedy to fight for workers |
| Ellis Island | immigration center that mostly processed European immigrants |
| Angel Island | immigration center that mostly procesed Asian immigrants |
