| A | B |
| massif | a body of mountain ranges formed by fault linen activity |
| tungsten | an extremely rare heavy-metal element essential in high tech industry |
| city-state | independently governed community consisting of a city and surrounding lands in Ancient Greece |
| Renaissance | rebirth; period in European civilization characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning and values |
| pollution hot spot | location where pollution and other human activities have led to the degradation or even death of a ecosystem |
| resource | a usable stock or supply |
| complementarity | relationship between two places in which one produces something the other needs |
| Roman Republic | establish on the rule of law and the balance of power |