| A | B |
|---|
| gas exchange | methods that organisms have for obtaining oxygen and removing excess carbon dioxide |
| respiratory surface | thin walled, moist, contact with a source of oxygen, connected to a transport system; boundary surface for gas exchange |
| Hemoglobin | respiratory pigment of blood; contains iron |
| gills | thin layer of tissue with many blood vessels; water passes over and oxygen diffuses |
| lungs | large organs where gas exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the blood |
| thoracic cavity | chest region; location of lungs |
| nasal cavity | warms and moistens air, contains hairs to filter air |
| pharynx | tube at the back of the throat that contains a passageway for air and food |
| trachea | cartilage tube lined with cilia |
| larynx | voice box |
| vocal cords | ligaments stretched across the larynx to produce sound |
| bronchi | two branches of the trachea that lead to each lung |
| bronchioles | multiple branches of each bronchi that lead to alveoli |
| alveoli | tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries and the location of gas exchange |
| spirometer | machine that measures lung capacity |
| breathing | process of moving air into and out of the lungs |
| inspiration | process of taking air into the lungs |
| expiration | breathing out |
| asthma | severe allergic reaction that closes airways |
| bronchitis | lining of bronchiole tubes are irritated and swollen; paths to alveoli clogged with mucous |
| pneumonia | alveoli fill with fluid and prevents gas exchange |
| emphysema | lungs lose elastic ability; alveoli are damaged |
| lung cancer | mass of tissue forms in the lungs |
