| A | B |
|---|
| Autocracy | A form of government in which a single person holds unlimited political power. |
| Oligarchy | A form of government in which the power to rule is held by a small, usually self-appionted elite. |
| Enlightnment writers would most likely agree that: | the state exists to surve the people |
| Divine Right Theory | Those of royal birth have a God given right to rule. The enlightenment writers "natural rights" theory refute the divine right theory |
| Representative Government | Power is held by the people and exercised through the efforts of representatives elected by the people |
| Magna carta | English barons demanded rights from King John in 1215 including freedom from arbitrary rule, due process of law, trial by jury, right to own private property. |
| Due Process | the government must treat citizens fairly and use fair procedures. |
| Petition of Right 1628 | A legal petition sent to King Charles I from Parliament. Demanded protection from quartering of troops and marshal law. |
| English Bill of Rights 1689 | Gave England a government based on a system of laws and a freely elected parliament. Added to the civil liberties of the Magna Carta. First time people were given the right to PETITION the governmen |
| Charter | A legal document agreement like a liscence or a legal document issued by a King granting permission to create a colony. |
| James Madison | Father of the Constitution". Only person allowed to keep notes during Constitutional Convention. Known for negotiating compromises between federalists and anti-federalists. Authored "Virginia Plan" Wrote many of The Federalist essays to convince undecided states to ratify the Constitution. |
| George Mason | wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights in 1776 which served as a model for the US Bill of Rights |
| Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom | Written by Thomas Jefferson. All people should be free to worship as they please. The first time religious freedom was protected by law. |
| Charter of the Virginia Company of London | In 1606 King James I chartered the Virginia Company of London with plans to create a colony. The charter was like a business license which also gave the colonists the same rights as English citizens. |
| Rousseau | French Enlightenment writer. Elaborated on natural rights, the social contract, religious freedom and consent of the governed. |
| John Locke | Said all humans possess certain, natural, God-given rights of life, liberty, and property. He said government was created in order to protect these rights and if the government failed to do so it was the duty of the people to rebel. |
| Montesquieu | said governments must separate the legislative, executive and judicial branches. Also checks and balances |
| Social Contract Theory | Thomas Hobbes: The belief that if people give their consent to be governed and in exchange, the government will protect their rights. |
| Popular Sovereignty | The people are the source of all government power |
| Rule of Law | Principle that every member of a society, even a ruler, must follow even the President must follow the law. Established by Magna Carta |
