| A | B |
|---|
| learning | a relatively permanent change in behavior caused by experience |
| classical conditioning | type of learning in which a stimulus gains the power to cause a response |
| stimulus | anything in the environment that one can respond to |
| response | any behavior or action |
| unconditioned stimulus (UCS) | stimulus that triggers a response reflexively and automatically. |
| unconditidioned response (UCR) | Automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus |
| conditioned stimulus (CS) | previously neutral stimulus that, through learning, gains the power to cause a response |
| conditioned response (CR) | Response to the conditioned stimulus |
| Ivan Pavlov | learning theorist famous for the discovery of classical conditioning |
| behaviorism | view that psychology should restrict its efforts to studying observable behaviors, not mental processes. |
| John Watson | Founder of behaviorism, the theory that psychology should restrict its efforts to studying observable behaviors, not mental processes. |
| Little Albert | used in famous demonstration of establishing fear through the use of a loud noise and a rat |
| operant conditioning | type of learning in which the frequency of a behavior depends on the consequence that follows that behavior. |
| reinforcement | any consequence that increases the future likelihood of a behavior |
| punishment | any consequence that decreases the future likelihood of a behavior. |
| positive reinforcement | in operant conditioning, anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior by following it wish a desirable event or state. |
| negative reinforcement | in operant conditioning, anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior by following it with the removal of an undesirable event or state. |
| continuous reinforcement | in operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement in which a reward follows every correct response |
| Positive reinforcement | refers to t he addition of something pleasant, make a behavior more likely to occur |
| Positive punishment | addition of something unpleasant to make a behavior less likely (example: giving a rat an electric shock every time it touches the lever) |
