| A | B |
| canal | An artificial (man-made) waterway for boats or for irrigation. |
| civilization | The most advanced stage of human development and organization |
| code | A collection of organized laws |
| Fertile Crescent | Fertile land in the Middle East in a semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers |
| flooding | Covering or filled with water |
| Indus River Valley | Major river valley in Asia, in what is today Pakistan |
| irrigation | Supplying with water by man-made methods |
| job specialization | Members of a community perform the jobs that they are most suited for |
| law | A rule of conduct (behavior) enforced by the government |
| Mesopotamia | The land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers |
| polytheism | A belief in many gods |
| scholars | A class of scholars and copiers who were the basis of the government, the army and the priesthood |
| temple | A building for worship |