| A | B |
|---|
| non sequitur | stating a claim that doesn't follow from the first premise or statement - Latin for "it does not follow" |
| oversimplification | offering easy solutions for complicated problems |
| allness | stating or implying that something is true of an entire class of things, often using all, everyone, no one, always or never |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc | assuming a cause/effect relationship where none exists, even though one event preceded another |
| proof by example or too few examples | presenting an example as proof rather as illustration or clarification |
| begging the question | proving a statement already taken for granted, often by repeating it in different words or by defining a word in terms of itself |
| circular reasoning | supporting a statement with itself |
| either/or reasoing | oversimplifying by assuming that an issue has only two sides, a statement must be true or false, a question demands a yes or no answer |
| argument from dubious authority | using an unidentified authority to shore up a weak argument or an authority whose expertise lies outside the issue |
| ad hominem | attacking an individual's opinion by attacking his or her character |
| argument from ignorance | maintaining that a claim has to be accepted because it hasn't been disproved or that it has to be rejected because it has not been proved |
| argument by analogy | treating an extended comparison between familiar and unfamiliar items, based on similarities and ignoring differences, as evidence rather than explanation |
| bandwagon | suggesting that everyone is joining the group and that readers who don't may miss out on happiness, success, or a reward |
| straw man | attacking an exaggerated version or your argument rather than the actual argument |
| slippery slope | a conclusion that and idea or even will cause a series of other ideas or events, usually increasing in severity |
| argument to tradition | attempts to prove an argument based on what was done in the past |
| argument to the public | attempts to prove an argument is true because the public agrees with it |
| tu quoque (you too argument) | attempts to defend the problems with one's own argument by point out that the other side made mistakes |
| red herring | argument on an irrelevant topic to distract the reader |
