| A | B |
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| analytic scoring | A form of assessment that focuses on several aspects of a student's performance, normally guided by a rubric that includes separate analytic scales. For example, a rubric to assess student writing may contain separate analytic scales for composing, style, sentence formation, usage, and mechanics. |
| evidence-based writing | Student writing that features evidence grounded in texts the students have read. |
| guided writing | A form of literacy instruction designed to address an area of need within students' writing development. Typically, guided writing lessons writing development. Typically, guided writing lessons start with a mini-lesson on some aspect of writing, students practice the writing principle or strategy they were just taught under the teacher's supervision and then share their final written projects. |
| holistic scoring | A form of assessment in which a student's performance (e.g., a writing sample) is given a single score that represents a judgment of the performance as a whole. |
| independent writing | Writing that students are able to do on their own with little or no support. |
| invented spelling | Also called developmental spelling, transitional spelling, or temporary spelling; refers to a temporary stage emergent writers may go through as they rely on their knowledge of sound-symbol correspondences to write words as the words sound to them. |
| journals | Notebooks in which students write regularly to practice and develop their writing skills. |
| modeled writing | Writing instruction in which the teacher constructs a text in enlarged print (e.g. on chart paper), demonstrating a variety of writing strategies and techniques students are expected to learn and use in their own writing. |
| multi-trait scoring | Refers to scoring a piece of student writing by considering several traits. |
| personal word book | A book provided for each student that contains a list of High-Frequency Words and any other words that students commonly ask for when they write, and space under each letter for students to record their own words as they progress through the school year. |
| primary trait scoring | Refers to scoring a piece of student writing by focusing on a specific trait. |
| process writing | A form of writing instruction in which students are guided through five stages: prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing. |
| shared writing | Writing instruction in which the teacher, in collaboration with the students, constructs an enlarged text. |
| thematic word chart | A list of key vocabulary related to a theme currently under study. |
| translingual practice | A term used to highlight the ways that bilingual students draw on their linguistic resources as they produce written texts in English or a mixture of two languages. |
| word wall | An enlarged list of words organized alphabetically and displayed on the classroom wall to support students vocabulary and literary development. |
| Writer's Workshop | An instructional approach to writing in which students work independently and at their own pace as they move through the five stages of process writing with teacher and peer support. |
