| A | B |
|---|
| Populism | A political movement founded in the 1890s representing mainly farmers that favored free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other large industries. Against Capitalism |
| Greenbacks | A unit of paper currency first issued by the federal government during the Civil War. |
| inflation | An ongoing increase in prices and decrease in the value of money |
| Graduated Income Tax | A tax based on the net income of an individual or business and which taxes different income levels at different rates |
| Deflation | An ongoing decrease in prices and an increase in the value of money |
| Cooperatives | A store where farmers buy products from each other; an enterprise owned and operated by those who use its services |
| Poll Tax | a tax of a fixed amount per person that had to be paid before the person could vote |
| Segregation | the separation or isolation of a race, class, or group |
| Jim Crow Laws | statutes enacted to enforce segregation |
| Nativism | an extreme dislike of immigrants by native-born people |
| “spoils of office” | people who support a candidate to get elected then expected Garfield to hire them into government jobs |
| Pendleton Act | Required that some government jobs be filled by people who have taken a competitive written exam (AKA Civil Service Exam) |
| After the Civil War and before the beginning of WWI | 25 million Europeans immigrated into the U.S. |
| Reasons people immigrated into the U.S. | plenty of jobs/avoid religious persecution/better jobs |
| steerage tickets or 3rd class ticket | cheapest accommodations you could purchase |
| Ellis Island | tiny island in New York Harbor where over 1,000 of people a day were processed |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | The law prevented or barred Chinese immigration for the next 10yrs |
| Election of 1884: Democrats | Grover Cleveland: Mr. Honesty did not believe in "spoils of office" |
| Election of 1884: Republicans | James Blaine: Corrupt politician who accepted bribes |
| Winner of 1884 Election | Grover Cleveland |
| Populism was meant to | help pass bills & laws to help the interests of the farmers |
| Populist Political Party Goals: | Return to unlimited coinage of silver Government owned Railroads Graduated income tax 8 hour work day Restrictions on immigration |
| Southern African Americans | majority live in poverty and are sharecroppers farmers who don't own their land |
| Benjamin “Pap” Singleton | urged African Americans to leave the South and move West (Kansas) |
| Colored Farmers National Alliance | United African American farmers |
| Southern Democratic leaders begin a | racism campaign by putting restrictions on voting African Americans |
| 15th Amendment | Cannot deny the right to vote on the basis of race or color, or previous condition of servitude (slavery) |
| Mississippi 1890 | Imposed a Poll Tax: $2.00 to vote Many poor African Americans didn’t have $2.00 |
| Jim Crow Laws | Laws in the South were passed that supported segregation in public places Separate busses, drinking fountains, eating establishments |
| Homer Plessy challenged Louisiana law | Refused to ride in separate rail car from whites Arrested |
| Supreme Court ruling of Plessy v Ferguson | upheld Louisiana law Legal basis for discrimination in the South is established and will go on for over 50yrs |
| Ida B. Wells | Led a crusade against lynching |
| Mary Church Terrell | Lifelong battle against racism, lynching and sexism |
| W.E.B. DuBois | “Voting is necessary to proper manhood, that color discrimination is barbarism.” |
| Booker T. Washington | African Americans should concentrate on achieving economic goals rather than political ones |
