| A | B |
|---|
| PROBLEM | WILL THE COLOR OF LIGHT AFFECT THE MASS OF FOOD CHICKENS EAT |
| HYPOTHESIS | IF THE COLOR OF LIGHT CHANGES, THEN THE MASS OF FOOD CHICKENS EAT CHANGES. |
| RESEARCH | INTERVIEW WITH FARMER BROWN ABOUT CHICKENS |
| PROCEDURE | 1. OBTAINED TWO CHICKEN HOUSES THAT WERE THE SAME SIZE. 2. PUT 15 HENS IN EACH HOUSE. 3. PUT A BLUE LIGHT BULB IN ONE HOUSE AND A WHITE BULB IN THE OTHER HOUSE... |
| RESULTS | THE CHICKENS WITH THE WHITE BULB AVERAGED EATING 40.23 KG OF FOOD PER DAY AND THE CHICKENS WITH THE BLUE BULB AVERAGED 37.89 KG OF FOOD PER DAY. |
| CONCLUSION | THE DATA COLLECTED INDICATED THE HYPOTHESIS SHOULD BE SUPPORTED. THERE WAS A MEASURABLE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MASS OF FOOD EATEN WITH THE WHITE BULB COMPARED TO THE BLUE BULB. |
| RESEARCH | USING RESOURCES TO LOOK UP BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT A PROBLEM |
| HYPOTHESIS | A PROPOSED SOLUTION TO A PROBLEM |
| PROCEDURE | USUALLY HAS NUMBERED STEPS GIVING DIRECTIONS ON HOW TO COLLECT DATA |
| RESULTS | NUMERIC OUTCOMES OF THE EXPERIMENT |
| m/s2 in a direction | unit for acceleration |
| m/s in a direction | unit for velocity |
| Newton | unit of measure that equals the force required to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at 1 meter per second per second |
| Newton's 1st law | continues in an existing state of rest or continual motion in the same direction until acted on be external force |
| inertia | object's resistance to change in motion |
| force | a push or pull exerted on an object |
| Newton's 2nd law | sum of the forces is equal to mass of the object multiplied by the object's acceleration |
| Newton's 3rd law | forces act in pairs and for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| friction | the resistance to motion that occurs when an object encounters when moving over a surface |
| momentum | product of an object's mass and velocity |
| kg * m/s in a direction | unit for momentum |
| gravity | force the pulls objects toward eachother |
| velocity | speed in a definite direction |
| acceleration | rate at which velocity changes |
| mass | as this increases, inertia increases |
| motion | the state at which an object's distance from position is changing |
| action force | force exerted by first object on the second object |
| reaction force | force exerted by second object in response to first object |
| drag | force that acts in the opposite direction as object moving through air |
| centripetal force | force that acts on an object in a circular path and is directed to the center |
| Newton's 3rd law | as fuel in the rocket ignites, the force of gas expansion and explosion pushes out the back of the rocket and send the rocket skyward |
| Newton's 2nd law | as ice skater pushes harder with his leg muscles, he begins to move faster |
| Newton's 1st law | when you are standing up in a subway train, and the train suddenly stops, your body continues to go forward |
| friction | the blade of an ice skate skimming over the ice results in the production of heat energy causing the ice to melt |
| air resistance | sleek shape of bobsled allows greater speeds because of decrease in ____________ |
| potential energy | mgh |
| Liter (L) or milliliter (mL) | What unit would be used for measuring volume (such as a can of coke)? |
| meter (m) | Appropriate unit for measuring the length of a room? |
| Kilometers (km) | Which unit would be used in determining distance from school to the Omaha Zoo? |
| grams (g) | What scientific unit would be most appropriate for measuring biomass of a soybean plant? |
| milligrams (mg) | Unit to measure the amount of ibuprofen in a capsule? |
| centimeters (cm) | Unit to measure the height of a blade of grass? |
| meters (m) or centimeters (cm) | Units for the height a rubberball bounces? |
| millimeters(m) | Units for the thickness of 5 sheets of notebook paper? |
| milliliter (mL) | Units for the amount of a dose of cough syrup? |
| centimeters (cm) | Units for the circumference of softball? |
| seconds (s) | normal measurement for time |
| degrees Celsius (oC) | scientific unit for temperature |
| milliliter (mL) | which unit would be used for finding the volume of a marble? |
| 5.00 Liter (L) | 5000 mL = ? L |
| 2.00 meters (m) | .002 km = ? m |
| cubic centimeters (cm3) | Which unit would be used for determining the volume of a box? |
| 0.45588 g OR BETTER 0.46 g | 455.88 mg = ? g |
| 257.77 centimeters (cm) | 2.5777 m = ? cm |
| g/mL | Which unit would be used for comparing the mass to volume ratio of a fluid |
| g/cm3 | Which unit would be used for comparing the mass to volume ratio of a book |
| problem | starts with "does" or "will" |
| hypothesis | starts with "if" or "as" |
| conclusion | includes "hypothesis is supported" |
| procedure | directions for an experiment |
| research | gathering reliable information about problem |
| results | contains statistics like mean and median |
| Newtons(N) | scientific unit for force |
| Joules (J) | scientific unit for energy |
| control group | test group without independent variable |
| constants | e same so only difference is independent variable |
| independent variable | part of problem being changed by experimenter |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| potential energy | energy of position |
| Kinetic energy | 1/2 mv2 |
| m/s2 in a direction | unit for acceleration |
| m/s in a direction | unit for velocity |
| SIMPLE MACHINES | Tools that make work easier by allowing us to push or pull over increased distances. |
| WEDGE | A simple machine that is wide at one end and pointed at the other to help cut or split other objects. |
| WHEEL AND AXLE | a disk that turns around axis and transfers force to and from an axis |
| LEVER | A stiff bar that moves about a fixed point |
| FULCRUM | PIVOT POINT ON A LEVER |
| EFFORT | The force needed to move a load. Also called applied force or input force. |
| INPUT FORCE | the force exerted on a machine |
| OUTPUT FORCE | the force exerted on an object by a machine |
| MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE | the number of time the force exerted on a machine is multiplied by the machine |
| EFFICIENCY | the percentage of the input work that is converted to output work |
| INCLINED PLANE | MACHINE WITH A FLAT SURFACE WITH ONE END HIGHER THAN THE OTHER |
| SCREW | an inclined plane wound around a central cylinder |
| FIXED PULLEY | changes direction of force, does not create a mechanical advantage |
| PULLEY | USE ROPE AND GROOVE WHEEL TO MOVE |
| COMPOUND MACHINE | two or more simple machines that operate together |
| 1ST CLASS LEVER | The fulcrum is located between the input and output forces |
| 2ND CLASS LEVER | Effort and fulcrum are on opposite sides, load is between them |
| 3rd class lever | effort is applied between fulcrum and load |
| RESISTANCE | the force that opposes the effort force |
| MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE | The number of times a machine multiplies or amplifies the effort or input force. |
| INCLINED PLANE | allow you to exert your force over a larger distance. As a result, the input force needed is less than the output force. |
| INCLINED PLANE | MA = Length of the ramp divided by Height of the ramp |
| INCLINED PLANE | BOAT RAMP |
| PULLEY | FLAG POLE |
| LEVER (2ND CLASS) | What simple machine is represented by a door hinge? |
| WHEEL AND AXLE | What simple machine is represented by a door knob? |
| LEVER (1ST CLASS) | What simple machine is represented by a see/saw or teter/totter |
| WEDGE | What simple machine is represented by teeth? |
| LEVER (3RD CLASS) | What simple machine is represented by swinging a baseball bat? |
| The appropriate unit for measuring mass of food chickens eat.. | GRAMS |
| The appropriate unit for measure volume of wood blocks. | CUBIC CENTIMETERS/CENTIMETERS CUBED |
| Appropriate unit for measuring width of wood block | CENTIMETER |
| Appropriate unit for measuring the volume of water given to chickens | LITER |
| Which unit would be used for determining the volume of a box? | cubic centimeters (cm3) |
| which unit would be used for finding the volume of a marble? | milliliter (mL) |
| scientific unit for temperature | degrees Celsius (oC) |
| normal measurement for time | seconds (s) |
| The hypothesis stated the type of water sealer would affect mass of wood blocks soaked in water. The data collected supports the hypothesis. | CONCLUSION |
| Starts with “Does” or “Will”, contains IV and DV, and ends with “?” | PROBLEM |
| -Written as numbered steps -Each step begins with a verb, “command” statements | PROCEDURE |
| -Restates hypothesis -States whether hypothesis is supported or not supported | CONCLUSION |
| Will the type of water sealer affect mass of wood blocks soaked in water in grams? | PROBLEM |
| If the type of sealer changes, then the amount of mass wood blocks will change. The blocks that have the sealer that contains carboxyl will gain the least amount of water. | HYPOTHESIS |
| The wood blocks with carboxyl applied gained an average of 26.32 grams. The wood bricks with acetyl acetate applied gained an average of 33.77 grams. | RESULTS |
| Will ___________affect ______? | PROBLEM |
| If ___________ decreases, then ________ will decrease. | HYPOTHESIS |
| 1. Get 30 wood blocks 24 cm x 6 cm. 2. Apply 25 mL of carboxyl sealer to 10 of the wood blocks. 3. Allow to dry for 24 hours. 4. ….continued | PROCEDURE |
| -Contains numbers. -Usually refers to statistical analysis like average, mean, median, or range. | RESULTS |
| Occurrence that is noticed using senses but is not measured | QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION |
| may be qualitative or quantitative | OBSERVATION |
| The girl was crying. | QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION |
| The grass was wet in the morning so it must have rained. | INFERENCE |
| Conclusion based on logical reasoning | INFERENCE |
| The bird's babies were chirping because they were hungry | INFERENCE |
| The grass that was fertilized was a dark green | QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION |
| The grass was a darker green because it had been fertilized | INFERENCE |
| the part of the experiment, that the person doing the experiment changes or controls | INDEPENDENT VARIABLE |
| part of the experiment being measured | DEPENDENT VARIABLE |
| mass of food chickens eat WHICH PART OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN? | DEPENDENT VARIABLE |
| amount of sunlight WHICH PART OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN? | INDEPENDENT VARIABLE |
| the non-experimental group WHICH PART OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN? | CONTROL GROUP |
| keeps all necessary parts of the experimental design the same so the only effect caused by IV | CONSTANTS |
| repetition of the experiment; should have a minimum of 10 for each group | RETESTS/TRIALS |
| there were 3 worms on the ground | QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATION |
| type of water sealer WHICH PART OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN? | INDEPENDENT VARIABLE |
| mass of wood blocks after soaking in water WHICH PART OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN? | DEPENDENT VARIABLE |
| the corn was a meter taller than the beans | QUANTITATIVE OBSERATION |
| The same amount of time the wood blocks are soaked in water. WHICH PART OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN? | CONSTANT |
| The wood blocks not treated with sealer.WHICH PART OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN? | CONTROL GROUP |
| Thirty trials for each type of wood sealer and the control group. WHICH PART OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN? | RETESTS |
