| A | B |
|---|
| Ecology | The study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. |
| Habitat | The place an organism lives. Examples: forest, grassland, coral reef. |
| Population | All the organism of one species living in a specific area. Example: Penguins on the Falkland Islands. |
| Limiting factors | Resources or events that limit a populations' ability to grow/increase. Example: resources such as food, water or space become limited, extreme weather or disease occur. |
| Competition | Organisms will compete with each other for resources such as food, water, living space, shelter, mates.es or events that limit a populations' ability to grow/increase. Example: resources such as food, water or space become limited, extreme weather or disease occur. |
| Clumped dispersion | Individuals may live close together in groups in order to facilitate mating, gain protection, or access food resources |
| Emigration | Movement of individuals out of an area |
| Immigration | Moving into a population |
| Logisitic growth | Growth of a population which may be rapid at first, but then levels off at carrying capacity due to limited resources (S-curve) |
| Population growth rate | usually represented by r; explains how fast a given population grows and is calculated by dividing the change in population (delta n) by original population (n) |
| Random dispersion | Random spacing of individuals of the same species within an area. Example: dandelions, |
| Uniform dispersion | The pattern in which individuals are equally spaced throughout a habitat. |
| Zero population growth | when the birth rate equals the death rate |
| Type I survivorship curve | An example is large mammals that produce very few offspring, but provide them with good care. Example: elephants and humans. |
| Carrying Capacity | The number of individuals the environment can support over a long period of time. |
| Density-Dependent Factors | A limiting factor that depends on population size 1) competition 2) predation 3) parasitism and disease 4) shortages of food 5) shortage of nesting sites |
| Density-Independent Limiting Factors | Limiting factors which are NOT related to population size. 1) Unusual weather or natural disasters such as floods and fires. 2) Certain human activities, such as the damning of a river, or clear-cutting a forest. 3) Temperature and sunlight |
| random sampling | a sample that fairly represents a uniformly distributed population because each grid space has an equal chance of inclusion |
